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Replication Fork Reversal and Protection

During genome replication, replication forks often encounter obstacles that impede their progression. Arrested forks are unstable structures that can give rise to collapse and rearrange if they are not properly processed and restarted. Replication fork reversal is a critical protective mechanism in...

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Autores principales: Qiu, Shan, Jiang, Guixing, Cao, Liping, Huang, Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.670392
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author Qiu, Shan
Jiang, Guixing
Cao, Liping
Huang, Jun
author_facet Qiu, Shan
Jiang, Guixing
Cao, Liping
Huang, Jun
author_sort Qiu, Shan
collection PubMed
description During genome replication, replication forks often encounter obstacles that impede their progression. Arrested forks are unstable structures that can give rise to collapse and rearrange if they are not properly processed and restarted. Replication fork reversal is a critical protective mechanism in higher eukaryotic cells in response to replication stress, in which forks reverse their direction to form a Holliday junction-like structure. The reversed replication forks are protected from nuclease degradation by DNA damage repair proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51. Some of these molecules work cooperatively, while others have unique functions. Once the stress is resolved, the replication forks can restart with the help of enzymes, including human RECQ1 helicase, but restart will not be considered here. Here, we review research on the key factors and mechanisms required for the remodeling and protection of stalled replication forks in mammalian cells.
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spelling pubmed-81416272021-05-25 Replication Fork Reversal and Protection Qiu, Shan Jiang, Guixing Cao, Liping Huang, Jun Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology During genome replication, replication forks often encounter obstacles that impede their progression. Arrested forks are unstable structures that can give rise to collapse and rearrange if they are not properly processed and restarted. Replication fork reversal is a critical protective mechanism in higher eukaryotic cells in response to replication stress, in which forks reverse their direction to form a Holliday junction-like structure. The reversed replication forks are protected from nuclease degradation by DNA damage repair proteins, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51. Some of these molecules work cooperatively, while others have unique functions. Once the stress is resolved, the replication forks can restart with the help of enzymes, including human RECQ1 helicase, but restart will not be considered here. Here, we review research on the key factors and mechanisms required for the remodeling and protection of stalled replication forks in mammalian cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8141627/ /pubmed/34041245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.670392 Text en Copyright © 2021 Qiu, Jiang, Cao and Huang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Qiu, Shan
Jiang, Guixing
Cao, Liping
Huang, Jun
Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title_full Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title_fullStr Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title_full_unstemmed Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title_short Replication Fork Reversal and Protection
title_sort replication fork reversal and protection
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141627/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.670392
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