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Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles

Transitions in gene regulatory processes responsible for the emergence of specialized cell types and spatiotemporal regulation of developmental signaling prior to the divergence of Cnidaria and Bilateria are poorly understood. As a sister group of Bilateria, the phylum Cnidaria can provide significa...

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Autores principales: Pillai, Anirudh, Gungi, Akhila, Reddy, Puli Chandramouli, Galande, Sanjeev
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.663208
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author Pillai, Anirudh
Gungi, Akhila
Reddy, Puli Chandramouli
Galande, Sanjeev
author_facet Pillai, Anirudh
Gungi, Akhila
Reddy, Puli Chandramouli
Galande, Sanjeev
author_sort Pillai, Anirudh
collection PubMed
description Transitions in gene regulatory processes responsible for the emergence of specialized cell types and spatiotemporal regulation of developmental signaling prior to the divergence of Cnidaria and Bilateria are poorly understood. As a sister group of Bilateria, the phylum Cnidaria can provide significant insights into these processes. Among the cnidarians, hydrae have been studied for >250 years to comprehend the mechanisms underlying their unique immortality and robust regenerative capacity. Studies on Hydra spp. and other pre-bilaterians alike have advanced our understanding of the evolutionary underpinnings governing eumetazoan tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration. In addition to its regenerative potential, Hydra exhibits continuously active axial patterning due to its peculiar tissue dynamics. These distinctive physiological processes necessitate large scale gene expression changes that are governed by the multitude of epigenetic mechanisms operating in cells. This review highlights the contemporary knowledge of epigenetic regulation in Hydra with contemporary studies from other members of Cnidaria, as well as the interplay between regulatory mechanisms wherever demonstrated. The studies covered in the scope of this review reveal both ancestral and divergent roles played by conserved epigenetic mechanisms with emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomics data was mined to predict the physiological relevance of putative gene regulatory components, which is in agreement with published findings and yielded insights into the possible functions of the gene regulatory mechanisms that are yet to be deciphered in Hydra, such as DNA methylation. Finally, we delineate potentially rewarding epigenetics research avenues that can further leverage the unique biology of Hydra.
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spelling pubmed-81418152021-05-25 Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles Pillai, Anirudh Gungi, Akhila Reddy, Puli Chandramouli Galande, Sanjeev Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Transitions in gene regulatory processes responsible for the emergence of specialized cell types and spatiotemporal regulation of developmental signaling prior to the divergence of Cnidaria and Bilateria are poorly understood. As a sister group of Bilateria, the phylum Cnidaria can provide significant insights into these processes. Among the cnidarians, hydrae have been studied for >250 years to comprehend the mechanisms underlying their unique immortality and robust regenerative capacity. Studies on Hydra spp. and other pre-bilaterians alike have advanced our understanding of the evolutionary underpinnings governing eumetazoan tissue development, homeostasis, and regeneration. In addition to its regenerative potential, Hydra exhibits continuously active axial patterning due to its peculiar tissue dynamics. These distinctive physiological processes necessitate large scale gene expression changes that are governed by the multitude of epigenetic mechanisms operating in cells. This review highlights the contemporary knowledge of epigenetic regulation in Hydra with contemporary studies from other members of Cnidaria, as well as the interplay between regulatory mechanisms wherever demonstrated. The studies covered in the scope of this review reveal both ancestral and divergent roles played by conserved epigenetic mechanisms with emphasis on transcriptional regulation. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomics data was mined to predict the physiological relevance of putative gene regulatory components, which is in agreement with published findings and yielded insights into the possible functions of the gene regulatory mechanisms that are yet to be deciphered in Hydra, such as DNA methylation. Finally, we delineate potentially rewarding epigenetics research avenues that can further leverage the unique biology of Hydra. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8141815/ /pubmed/34041242 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.663208 Text en Copyright © 2021 Pillai, Gungi, Reddy and Galande. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Pillai, Anirudh
Gungi, Akhila
Reddy, Puli Chandramouli
Galande, Sanjeev
Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title_full Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title_fullStr Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title_short Epigenetic Regulation in Hydra: Conserved and Divergent Roles
title_sort epigenetic regulation in hydra: conserved and divergent roles
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.663208
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