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Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies

Immunotherapy drugs have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of several genitourinary malignancies, including bladder cancer, renal cancer, and prostate cancer. Preclinical data and early clinical trial results suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors can ac...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ukleja, Jacob, Kusaka, Erika, Miyamoto, David T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041029
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.663852
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author Ukleja, Jacob
Kusaka, Erika
Miyamoto, David T.
author_facet Ukleja, Jacob
Kusaka, Erika
Miyamoto, David T.
author_sort Ukleja, Jacob
collection PubMed
description Immunotherapy drugs have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of several genitourinary malignancies, including bladder cancer, renal cancer, and prostate cancer. Preclinical data and early clinical trial results suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors can act synergistically with radiation therapy to enhance tumor cell killing at local irradiated sites and in some cases at distant sites through an abscopal effect. Because radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies, there is great interest in testing the combination of immunotherapy with radiation therapy in these cancers to further improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we discuss the current evidence and biological rationale for combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy, as well as emerging data from ongoing and planned clinical trials testing the efficacy and tolerability of this combination in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. We also outline outstanding questions regarding sequencing, dose fractionation, and biomarkers that remain to be addressed for the optimal delivery of this promising treatment approach.
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spelling pubmed-81418542021-05-25 Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies Ukleja, Jacob Kusaka, Erika Miyamoto, David T. Front Oncol Oncology Immunotherapy drugs have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of several genitourinary malignancies, including bladder cancer, renal cancer, and prostate cancer. Preclinical data and early clinical trial results suggest that immune checkpoint inhibitors can act synergistically with radiation therapy to enhance tumor cell killing at local irradiated sites and in some cases at distant sites through an abscopal effect. Because radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies, there is great interest in testing the combination of immunotherapy with radiation therapy in these cancers to further improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we discuss the current evidence and biological rationale for combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy, as well as emerging data from ongoing and planned clinical trials testing the efficacy and tolerability of this combination in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. We also outline outstanding questions regarding sequencing, dose fractionation, and biomarkers that remain to be addressed for the optimal delivery of this promising treatment approach. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8141854/ /pubmed/34041029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.663852 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ukleja, Kusaka and Miyamoto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Ukleja, Jacob
Kusaka, Erika
Miyamoto, David T.
Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title_full Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title_fullStr Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title_full_unstemmed Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title_short Immunotherapy Combined With Radiation Therapy for Genitourinary Malignancies
title_sort immunotherapy combined with radiation therapy for genitourinary malignancies
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34041029
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.663852
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