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Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study
BACKGROUND: Recent estimates suggest around 14% of 11–16 years in England have a mental health problem. However, we know very little about the extent and nature of mental health problems among diverse groups in densely populated inner cities, where contexts and experiences may differ from the nation...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8142438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33558428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214315 |
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author | Knowles, Gemma Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte Beards, Stephanie Blakey, Rachel Davis, Samantha Lowis, Katie Stanyon, Daniel Ofori, Aisha Turner, Alice Working Group, Schools Pinfold, Vanessa Bakolis, Ioannis Reininghaus, Ulrich Harding, Seeromanie Morgan, Craig |
author_facet | Knowles, Gemma Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte Beards, Stephanie Blakey, Rachel Davis, Samantha Lowis, Katie Stanyon, Daniel Ofori, Aisha Turner, Alice Working Group, Schools Pinfold, Vanessa Bakolis, Ioannis Reininghaus, Ulrich Harding, Seeromanie Morgan, Craig |
author_sort | Knowles, Gemma |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Recent estimates suggest around 14% of 11–16 years in England have a mental health problem. However, we know very little about the extent and nature of mental health problems among diverse groups in densely populated inner cities, where contexts and experiences may differ from the national average. AIMS: To estimate the extent and nature of mental health problems in inner city London, overall and by social group, using data from our school-based accelerated cohort study of adolescent mental health, Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health. METHODS: Self-report data on mental health (general mental health, depression, anxiety, self-harm) were analysed (n, 4353; 11–14 years, 85% minority ethnic groups). Mixed models were used to estimate weighted prevalences and adjusted risks of each type of problem, overall and by gender, cohort, ethnic group and free school meals (FSM) status. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of mental health problems was 18.6% (95% CI 16.4% to 20.8%). Each type of mental health problem was more common among girls compared with boys (adjusted risk ratios: mental health problems, 1.33, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48; depression, 1.52, 1.30 to 1.73; anxiety, 2.09, 1.58 to 2.59, self-harm, 1.40, 1.06 to 1.75). Gender differences were more pronounced in older cohorts compared with the youngest. Mental health problems (1.28, 1.05 to 1.51) and self-harm (1.29, 1.02 to 1.56)—but not depression or anxiety—were more common among those receiving (vs not receiving) FSM. There were many similarities, with some variations, by ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent mental health problems and self-harm are common in inner city London. Gender differences in mental health problems may emerge during early adolescence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8142438 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81424382021-06-07 Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study Knowles, Gemma Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte Beards, Stephanie Blakey, Rachel Davis, Samantha Lowis, Katie Stanyon, Daniel Ofori, Aisha Turner, Alice Working Group, Schools Pinfold, Vanessa Bakolis, Ioannis Reininghaus, Ulrich Harding, Seeromanie Morgan, Craig J Epidemiol Community Health Original Research BACKGROUND: Recent estimates suggest around 14% of 11–16 years in England have a mental health problem. However, we know very little about the extent and nature of mental health problems among diverse groups in densely populated inner cities, where contexts and experiences may differ from the national average. AIMS: To estimate the extent and nature of mental health problems in inner city London, overall and by social group, using data from our school-based accelerated cohort study of adolescent mental health, Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health. METHODS: Self-report data on mental health (general mental health, depression, anxiety, self-harm) were analysed (n, 4353; 11–14 years, 85% minority ethnic groups). Mixed models were used to estimate weighted prevalences and adjusted risks of each type of problem, overall and by gender, cohort, ethnic group and free school meals (FSM) status. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence of mental health problems was 18.6% (95% CI 16.4% to 20.8%). Each type of mental health problem was more common among girls compared with boys (adjusted risk ratios: mental health problems, 1.33, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48; depression, 1.52, 1.30 to 1.73; anxiety, 2.09, 1.58 to 2.59, self-harm, 1.40, 1.06 to 1.75). Gender differences were more pronounced in older cohorts compared with the youngest. Mental health problems (1.28, 1.05 to 1.51) and self-harm (1.29, 1.02 to 1.56)—but not depression or anxiety—were more common among those receiving (vs not receiving) FSM. There were many similarities, with some variations, by ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent mental health problems and self-harm are common in inner city London. Gender differences in mental health problems may emerge during early adolescence. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-06 2021-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8142438/ /pubmed/33558428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214315 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Knowles, Gemma Gayer-Anderson, Charlotte Beards, Stephanie Blakey, Rachel Davis, Samantha Lowis, Katie Stanyon, Daniel Ofori, Aisha Turner, Alice Working Group, Schools Pinfold, Vanessa Bakolis, Ioannis Reininghaus, Ulrich Harding, Seeromanie Morgan, Craig Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title | Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title_full | Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title_fullStr | Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title_full_unstemmed | Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title_short | Mental distress among young people in inner cities: the Resilience, Ethnicity and AdolesCent Mental Health (REACH) study |
title_sort | mental distress among young people in inner cities: the resilience, ethnicity and adolescent mental health (reach) study |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8142438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33558428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214315 |
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