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Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in s...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143122/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10050970 |
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author | Sree, Sreesha Parkkinen, Ilmari Their, Anna Airavaara, Mikko Jokitalo, Eija |
author_facet | Sree, Sreesha Parkkinen, Ilmari Their, Anna Airavaara, Mikko Jokitalo, Eija |
author_sort | Sree, Sreesha |
collection | PubMed |
description | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8143122 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81431222021-05-25 Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration Sree, Sreesha Parkkinen, Ilmari Their, Anna Airavaara, Mikko Jokitalo, Eija Cells Review The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multipurpose organelle comprising dynamic structural subdomains, such as ER sheets and tubules, serving to maintain protein, calcium, and lipid homeostasis. In neurons, the single ER is compartmentalized with a careful segregation of the structural subdomains in somatic and neurite (axodendritic) regions. The distribution and arrangement of these ER subdomains varies between different neuronal types. Mutations in ER membrane shaping proteins and morphological changes in the ER are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases implying significance of ER morphology in maintaining neuronal integrity. Specific neurons, such as the highly arborized dopaminergic neurons, are prone to stress and neurodegeneration. Differences in morphology and functionality of ER between the neurons may account for their varied sensitivity to stress and neurodegenerative changes. In this review, we explore the neuronal ER and discuss its distinct morphological attributes and specific functions. We hypothesize that morphological heterogeneity of the ER in neurons is an important factor that accounts for their selective susceptibility to neurodegeneration. MDPI 2021-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8143122/ /pubmed/33919188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10050970 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sree, Sreesha Parkkinen, Ilmari Their, Anna Airavaara, Mikko Jokitalo, Eija Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title | Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title_full | Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title_fullStr | Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title_full_unstemmed | Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title_short | Morphological Heterogeneity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum within Neurons and Its Implications in Neurodegeneration |
title_sort | morphological heterogeneity of the endoplasmic reticulum within neurons and its implications in neurodegeneration |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8143122/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33919188 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10050970 |
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