Cargando…

Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gestational infection is a well-characterized risk factor for offsprings’ development of mental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit disorder. The inflammatory response elicited by the infection is partly directed against the placenta and f...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hoffman, M. Camille, Freedman, Robert, Law, Amanda J., Clark, Alena M., Hunter, Sharon K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8144544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34024500
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.019
_version_ 1783696980972666880
author Hoffman, M. Camille
Freedman, Robert
Law, Amanda J.
Clark, Alena M.
Hunter, Sharon K.
author_facet Hoffman, M. Camille
Freedman, Robert
Law, Amanda J.
Clark, Alena M.
Hunter, Sharon K.
author_sort Hoffman, M. Camille
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gestational infection is a well-characterized risk factor for offsprings’ development of mental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit disorder. The inflammatory response elicited by the infection is partly directed against the placenta and fetus and is the putative pathogenic mechanism for fetal brain developmental abnormalities. Fetal brain abnormalities are generally irreversible after birth and increase risk for later mental disorders. Maternal immune activation in animals models this pathophysiology. SARS-CoV-2 produces maternal inflammatory responses during pregnancy similar to previously studied common respiratory viruses. METHOD: Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the nutrients that have been studied as possible mitigating factors for effects of maternal infection and inflammation on fetal development. Clinical and animal studies relevant to their use in pregnant women who have been infected are reviewed. RESULTS: Higher maternal choline levels have positive effects on the development of brain function for infants of mothers who experienced viral infections in early pregnancy. No other nutrient has been studied in the context of viral inflammation. Vitamin D reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all, studies. Active folic acid metabolites decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and folic acid are already supplemented in food additives and in prenatal vitamins. Despite recommendations by several public health agencies and medical societies, choline intake is often inadequate in early gestation when the brain is forming. A public health initiative for choline supplements during the pandemic could be helpful for women planning or already pregnant who also become exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8144544
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81445442022-06-01 Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development() Hoffman, M. Camille Freedman, Robert Law, Amanda J. Clark, Alena M. Hunter, Sharon K. Clin Nutr ESPEN Narrative Review BACKGROUND & AIMS: Maternal gestational infection is a well-characterized risk factor for offsprings’ development of mental disorders including schizophrenia, autism, and attention deficit disorder. The inflammatory response elicited by the infection is partly directed against the placenta and fetus and is the putative pathogenic mechanism for fetal brain developmental abnormalities. Fetal brain abnormalities are generally irreversible after birth and increase risk for later mental disorders. Maternal immune activation in animals models this pathophysiology. SARS-CoV-2 produces maternal inflammatory responses during pregnancy similar to previously studied common respiratory viruses. METHOD: Choline, folic acid, Vitamin D, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are among the nutrients that have been studied as possible mitigating factors for effects of maternal infection and inflammation on fetal development. Clinical and animal studies relevant to their use in pregnant women who have been infected are reviewed. RESULTS: Higher maternal choline levels have positive effects on the development of brain function for infants of mothers who experienced viral infections in early pregnancy. No other nutrient has been studied in the context of viral inflammation. Vitamin D reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines in some, but not all, studies. Active folic acid metabolites decrease anti-inflammatory cytokines. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D and folic acid are already supplemented in food additives and in prenatal vitamins. Despite recommendations by several public health agencies and medical societies, choline intake is often inadequate in early gestation when the brain is forming. A public health initiative for choline supplements during the pandemic could be helpful for women planning or already pregnant who also become exposed or infected with SARS-CoV-2. European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2021-06 2021-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8144544/ /pubmed/34024500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.019 Text en © 2021 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Narrative Review
Hoffman, M. Camille
Freedman, Robert
Law, Amanda J.
Clark, Alena M.
Hunter, Sharon K.
Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title_full Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title_fullStr Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title_full_unstemmed Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title_short Maternal nutrients and effects of gestational COVID-19 infection on fetal brain development()
title_sort maternal nutrients and effects of gestational covid-19 infection on fetal brain development()
topic Narrative Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8144544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34024500
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.019
work_keys_str_mv AT hoffmanmcamille maternalnutrientsandeffectsofgestationalcovid19infectiononfetalbraindevelopment
AT freedmanrobert maternalnutrientsandeffectsofgestationalcovid19infectiononfetalbraindevelopment
AT lawamandaj maternalnutrientsandeffectsofgestationalcovid19infectiononfetalbraindevelopment
AT clarkalenam maternalnutrientsandeffectsofgestationalcovid19infectiononfetalbraindevelopment
AT huntersharonk maternalnutrientsandeffectsofgestationalcovid19infectiononfetalbraindevelopment