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The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila
This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Janus kinase signal transducer and a...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145649/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33946849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050958 |
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author | Sciambra, Noah Chtarbanova, Stanislava |
author_facet | Sciambra, Noah Chtarbanova, Stanislava |
author_sort | Sciambra, Noah |
collection | PubMed |
description | This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Insulin/Insulin Growth Factor/Target of Rapamycin (IIS/TOR) on immune function with aging. Additionally, we review the effects that factors such as sexual dimorphism, environmental stress, and cellular physiology exert on age-dependent immunity in Drosophila. We discuss potential tradeoffs between heightened immune function and longevity in the absence of infection, and we provide detailed tables outlining the various assays and pathogens used in the cited studies, as well as the age, sex, and strains of Drosophila used. We also discuss the overlapping effects these pathways and mechanisms have on one another. We highlight the great utility of Drosophila as a model organism and the importance of a greater focus on age-dependent antiviral immunity for future studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8145649 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81456492021-05-26 The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila Sciambra, Noah Chtarbanova, Stanislava Microorganisms Review This review outlines the known cellular pathways and mechanisms involved in Drosophila age-dependent immunity to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. We discuss the implication of host signaling pathways such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), and Insulin/Insulin Growth Factor/Target of Rapamycin (IIS/TOR) on immune function with aging. Additionally, we review the effects that factors such as sexual dimorphism, environmental stress, and cellular physiology exert on age-dependent immunity in Drosophila. We discuss potential tradeoffs between heightened immune function and longevity in the absence of infection, and we provide detailed tables outlining the various assays and pathogens used in the cited studies, as well as the age, sex, and strains of Drosophila used. We also discuss the overlapping effects these pathways and mechanisms have on one another. We highlight the great utility of Drosophila as a model organism and the importance of a greater focus on age-dependent antiviral immunity for future studies. MDPI 2021-04-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8145649/ /pubmed/33946849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050958 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sciambra, Noah Chtarbanova, Stanislava The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title | The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title_full | The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title_short | The Impact of Age on Response to Infection in Drosophila |
title_sort | impact of age on response to infection in drosophila |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8145649/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33946849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9050958 |
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