Diurnal Variation of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Is Disrupted in People Living with HIV

Background: Several types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various immune and non-immune cells are present in the human plasma. We previously demonstrated that EV abundance and microRNA content change in pathological conditions, such as HIV infection. Here, we investigated daily variations of large and small EVs, in terms of abundance and microRNA contents in people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (HIV+ART) and uninfected controls (HIV−). Methods: Venous blood samples from n = 10 HIV+ART and n = 10 HIV− participants were collected at 10:00 and 22:00 the same day. Large and small plasma EVs were purified, counted, and the mature miRNAs miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-92, miR-155, and miR-223 copies were measured by RT-PCR. Results: Large EVs were significantly bigger in the plasma collected at 10:00 versus 22:00 in both groups. There was a significant day–night increase in the quantity of 5 miRNAs in HIV− large EVs. In HIV+ART, only miR-155 daily variation has been observed in large EVs. Finally, EV-miRNA content permits to distinguish HIV− to HIV+ART in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results point that plasma EV amount and microRNA contents are under daily variation in HIV− people. This new dynamic measure is disrupted in PLWH despite viral-suppressive ART. This study highlights a significant difference concerning EV abundance and their content measured at 22:00 between both groups. Therefore, the time of blood collection must be considered in the future for the EV as biomarkers.