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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), accounting for less than 1% of stroke cases, is characterized by various causes, heterogeneous clinical presentation and different outcome. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms has been found to be associated with CVST. The aim of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050266 |
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author | Gogu, Anca Elena Motoc, Andrei Gheorghe Stroe, Alina Zorina Docu Axelerad, Any Docu Axelerad, Daniel Petrica, Ligia Jianu, Dragos Catalin |
author_facet | Gogu, Anca Elena Motoc, Andrei Gheorghe Stroe, Alina Zorina Docu Axelerad, Any Docu Axelerad, Daniel Petrica, Ligia Jianu, Dragos Catalin |
author_sort | Gogu, Anca Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), accounting for less than 1% of stroke cases, is characterized by various causes, heterogeneous clinical presentation and different outcome. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms has been found to be associated with CVST. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the potential association of PAI-1 675 4G/5G polymorphisms and homocysteine levels with cardiovascular risk factors in a group of young patients with CVST. Eighty patients with CVST and an equal number of age and sex matched controls were enrolled. The protocol included demographic and clinical baseline characteristics, neuroimagistic aspects, genetic testing (PAI-1 675 4G/5G polymorphisms), biochemical evaluation (homocysteine—tHcy, the lipid profile, blood glucose, glycohemoglobin—HbA1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein—hsCRP) data, therapy and prognosis. The PAI-1 675 4G/5G gene polymorphisms were significantly correlated with increased homocysteine level (tHcy) (p < 0.05), higher total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05), low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (p = 0.05) and high- sensitive C- reactive protein (hsCRP) (p < 0.05) in patients with CVST when compared with controls. From the PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, the PAI-1 675 4G/5G genotype presented statistically significant values regarding the comparisons of the blood lipids values between the CVST group and control group. The homocysteine (tHcy) was increased in both groups, patients versus controls, in cases with the homozygous variant 4G/4G but the level was much higher in the group with CVST (50.56 µmol/L vs. 20.22 µmol/L; p = 0.03). The most common clinical presentation was headache (91.25%), followed by seizures (43.75%) and focal motor deficits (37.5%). The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was the most commonly involved dural sinus (56.25%), followed by the lateral sinus (LS) (28.75%). Intima—media thickness (IMT) values were higher in the patients’ group with CVST (0.95 mm vs. 0.88 mm; p < 0.05). The fatal outcome occurred 2.5% of the time. PAI-1 675 4G/5G gene polymorphisms and higher homocysteine concentrations were found to be significantly associated with CVST in young patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8146064 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81460642021-05-26 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Gogu, Anca Elena Motoc, Andrei Gheorghe Stroe, Alina Zorina Docu Axelerad, Any Docu Axelerad, Daniel Petrica, Ligia Jianu, Dragos Catalin Metabolites Article Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), accounting for less than 1% of stroke cases, is characterized by various causes, heterogeneous clinical presentation and different outcome. The plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms has been found to be associated with CVST. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the potential association of PAI-1 675 4G/5G polymorphisms and homocysteine levels with cardiovascular risk factors in a group of young patients with CVST. Eighty patients with CVST and an equal number of age and sex matched controls were enrolled. The protocol included demographic and clinical baseline characteristics, neuroimagistic aspects, genetic testing (PAI-1 675 4G/5G polymorphisms), biochemical evaluation (homocysteine—tHcy, the lipid profile, blood glucose, glycohemoglobin—HbA1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein—hsCRP) data, therapy and prognosis. The PAI-1 675 4G/5G gene polymorphisms were significantly correlated with increased homocysteine level (tHcy) (p < 0.05), higher total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05), low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (p = 0.05) and high- sensitive C- reactive protein (hsCRP) (p < 0.05) in patients with CVST when compared with controls. From the PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, the PAI-1 675 4G/5G genotype presented statistically significant values regarding the comparisons of the blood lipids values between the CVST group and control group. The homocysteine (tHcy) was increased in both groups, patients versus controls, in cases with the homozygous variant 4G/4G but the level was much higher in the group with CVST (50.56 µmol/L vs. 20.22 µmol/L; p = 0.03). The most common clinical presentation was headache (91.25%), followed by seizures (43.75%) and focal motor deficits (37.5%). The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) was the most commonly involved dural sinus (56.25%), followed by the lateral sinus (LS) (28.75%). Intima—media thickness (IMT) values were higher in the patients’ group with CVST (0.95 mm vs. 0.88 mm; p < 0.05). The fatal outcome occurred 2.5% of the time. PAI-1 675 4G/5G gene polymorphisms and higher homocysteine concentrations were found to be significantly associated with CVST in young patients. MDPI 2021-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8146064/ /pubmed/33922851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050266 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gogu, Anca Elena Motoc, Andrei Gheorghe Stroe, Alina Zorina Docu Axelerad, Any Docu Axelerad, Daniel Petrica, Ligia Jianu, Dragos Catalin Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title_full | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title_fullStr | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title_short | Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors Involved in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis |
title_sort | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) gene polymorphisms associated with cardiovascular risk factors involved in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146064/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33922851 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11050266 |
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