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Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures

The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activat...

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Autores principales: Lerolle, Solène, Freitas, Natalia, Cosset, François-Loïc, Legros, Vincent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784
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author Lerolle, Solène
Freitas, Natalia
Cosset, François-Loïc
Legros, Vincent
author_facet Lerolle, Solène
Freitas, Natalia
Cosset, François-Loïc
Legros, Vincent
author_sort Lerolle, Solène
collection PubMed
description The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activates the innate immune system that aims at inhibiting viral replication and propagation. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), numerous signaling cascades are activated, leading to the production of interferons (IFNs). IFNs act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to establish an antiviral state by inducing the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some of these ISGs are known to restrict bunyavirus infection. Along with other constitutively expressed host cellular factors with antiviral activity, these proteins (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) target different steps of the viral cycle, including viral entry, genome transcription and replication, and virion egress. In reaction to this, bunyaviruses have developed strategies to circumvent this antiviral response, by avoiding cellular recognition of PAMPs, inhibiting IFN production or interfering with the IFN-mediated response. Herein, we review the current knowledge on host cellular factors that were shown to restrict infections by bunyaviruses. Moreover, we focus on the strategies developed by bunyaviruses in order to escape the antiviral state developed by the infected cells.
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spelling pubmed-81463272021-05-26 Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures Lerolle, Solène Freitas, Natalia Cosset, François-Loïc Legros, Vincent Viruses Review The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activates the innate immune system that aims at inhibiting viral replication and propagation. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), numerous signaling cascades are activated, leading to the production of interferons (IFNs). IFNs act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to establish an antiviral state by inducing the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some of these ISGs are known to restrict bunyavirus infection. Along with other constitutively expressed host cellular factors with antiviral activity, these proteins (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) target different steps of the viral cycle, including viral entry, genome transcription and replication, and virion egress. In reaction to this, bunyaviruses have developed strategies to circumvent this antiviral response, by avoiding cellular recognition of PAMPs, inhibiting IFN production or interfering with the IFN-mediated response. Herein, we review the current knowledge on host cellular factors that were shown to restrict infections by bunyaviruses. Moreover, we focus on the strategies developed by bunyaviruses in order to escape the antiviral state developed by the infected cells. MDPI 2021-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8146327/ /pubmed/33925004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Lerolle, Solène
Freitas, Natalia
Cosset, François-Loïc
Legros, Vincent
Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title_full Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title_fullStr Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title_full_unstemmed Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title_short Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
title_sort host cell restriction factors of bunyaviruses and viral countermeasures
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146327/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784
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