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Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures
The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activat...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784 |
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author | Lerolle, Solène Freitas, Natalia Cosset, François-Loïc Legros, Vincent |
author_facet | Lerolle, Solène Freitas, Natalia Cosset, François-Loïc Legros, Vincent |
author_sort | Lerolle, Solène |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activates the innate immune system that aims at inhibiting viral replication and propagation. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), numerous signaling cascades are activated, leading to the production of interferons (IFNs). IFNs act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to establish an antiviral state by inducing the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some of these ISGs are known to restrict bunyavirus infection. Along with other constitutively expressed host cellular factors with antiviral activity, these proteins (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) target different steps of the viral cycle, including viral entry, genome transcription and replication, and virion egress. In reaction to this, bunyaviruses have developed strategies to circumvent this antiviral response, by avoiding cellular recognition of PAMPs, inhibiting IFN production or interfering with the IFN-mediated response. Herein, we review the current knowledge on host cellular factors that were shown to restrict infections by bunyaviruses. Moreover, we focus on the strategies developed by bunyaviruses in order to escape the antiviral state developed by the infected cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8146327 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81463272021-05-26 Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures Lerolle, Solène Freitas, Natalia Cosset, François-Loïc Legros, Vincent Viruses Review The Bunyavirales order comprises more than 500 viruses (generally defined as bunyaviruses) classified into 12 families. Some of these are highly pathogenic viruses infecting different hosts, including humans, mammals, reptiles, arthropods, birds, and/or plants. Host cell sensing of infection activates the innate immune system that aims at inhibiting viral replication and propagation. Upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), numerous signaling cascades are activated, leading to the production of interferons (IFNs). IFNs act in an autocrine and paracrine manner to establish an antiviral state by inducing the expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Some of these ISGs are known to restrict bunyavirus infection. Along with other constitutively expressed host cellular factors with antiviral activity, these proteins (hereafter referred to as “restriction factors”) target different steps of the viral cycle, including viral entry, genome transcription and replication, and virion egress. In reaction to this, bunyaviruses have developed strategies to circumvent this antiviral response, by avoiding cellular recognition of PAMPs, inhibiting IFN production or interfering with the IFN-mediated response. Herein, we review the current knowledge on host cellular factors that were shown to restrict infections by bunyaviruses. Moreover, we focus on the strategies developed by bunyaviruses in order to escape the antiviral state developed by the infected cells. MDPI 2021-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8146327/ /pubmed/33925004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lerolle, Solène Freitas, Natalia Cosset, François-Loïc Legros, Vincent Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title | Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title_full | Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title_fullStr | Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title_full_unstemmed | Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title_short | Host Cell Restriction Factors of Bunyaviruses and Viral Countermeasures |
title_sort | host cell restriction factors of bunyaviruses and viral countermeasures |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146327/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33925004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050784 |
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