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Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review

The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)...

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Autores principales: Sattin, Davide, Magnani, Francesca Giulia, Bartesaghi, Laura, Caputo, Milena, Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica, Cacciatore, Martina, Picozzi, Mario, Leonardi, Matilde
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535
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author Sattin, Davide
Magnani, Francesca Giulia
Bartesaghi, Laura
Caputo, Milena
Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica
Cacciatore, Martina
Picozzi, Mario
Leonardi, Matilde
author_facet Sattin, Davide
Magnani, Francesca Giulia
Bartesaghi, Laura
Caputo, Milena
Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica
Cacciatore, Martina
Picozzi, Mario
Leonardi, Matilde
author_sort Sattin, Davide
collection PubMed
description The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. Among the 1130 articles assessed, 85 full texts were included in the prefinal step. Finally, this scoping review analyzed 68 articles that described 29 theories of consciousness. We found heterogeneous perspectives in the theories analyzed. Those with the highest grade of variability are as follows: subjectivity, NCC, and the consciousness/cognitive function. Among sub-cortical structures, thalamus, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus were the most indicated, whereas the cingulate, prefrontal, and temporal areas were the most reported for cortical ones also including the thalamo-cortical system. Moreover, we found several definitions of consciousness and 21 new sub-classifications.
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spelling pubmed-81465102021-05-26 Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review Sattin, Davide Magnani, Francesca Giulia Bartesaghi, Laura Caputo, Milena Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica Cacciatore, Martina Picozzi, Mario Leonardi, Matilde Brain Sci Review The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. Among the 1130 articles assessed, 85 full texts were included in the prefinal step. Finally, this scoping review analyzed 68 articles that described 29 theories of consciousness. We found heterogeneous perspectives in the theories analyzed. Those with the highest grade of variability are as follows: subjectivity, NCC, and the consciousness/cognitive function. Among sub-cortical structures, thalamus, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus were the most indicated, whereas the cingulate, prefrontal, and temporal areas were the most reported for cortical ones also including the thalamo-cortical system. Moreover, we found several definitions of consciousness and 21 new sub-classifications. MDPI 2021-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8146510/ /pubmed/33923218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sattin, Davide
Magnani, Francesca Giulia
Bartesaghi, Laura
Caputo, Milena
Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica
Cacciatore, Martina
Picozzi, Mario
Leonardi, Matilde
Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title_full Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title_short Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
title_sort theoretical models of consciousness: a scoping review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146510/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923218
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535
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