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Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review
The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535 |
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author | Sattin, Davide Magnani, Francesca Giulia Bartesaghi, Laura Caputo, Milena Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica Cacciatore, Martina Picozzi, Mario Leonardi, Matilde |
author_facet | Sattin, Davide Magnani, Francesca Giulia Bartesaghi, Laura Caputo, Milena Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica Cacciatore, Martina Picozzi, Mario Leonardi, Matilde |
author_sort | Sattin, Davide |
collection | PubMed |
description | The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. Among the 1130 articles assessed, 85 full texts were included in the prefinal step. Finally, this scoping review analyzed 68 articles that described 29 theories of consciousness. We found heterogeneous perspectives in the theories analyzed. Those with the highest grade of variability are as follows: subjectivity, NCC, and the consciousness/cognitive function. Among sub-cortical structures, thalamus, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus were the most indicated, whereas the cingulate, prefrontal, and temporal areas were the most reported for cortical ones also including the thalamo-cortical system. Moreover, we found several definitions of consciousness and 21 new sub-classifications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8146510 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81465102021-05-26 Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review Sattin, Davide Magnani, Francesca Giulia Bartesaghi, Laura Caputo, Milena Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica Cacciatore, Martina Picozzi, Mario Leonardi, Matilde Brain Sci Review The amount of knowledge on human consciousness has created a multitude of viewpoints and it is difficult to compare and synthesize all the recent scientific perspectives. Indeed, there are many definitions of consciousness and multiple approaches to study the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC). Therefore, the main aim of this article is to collect data on the various theories of consciousness published between 2007–2017 and to synthesize them to provide a general overview of this topic. To describe each theory, we developed a thematic grid called the dimensional model, which qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes how each article, related to one specific theory, debates/analyzes a specific issue. Among the 1130 articles assessed, 85 full texts were included in the prefinal step. Finally, this scoping review analyzed 68 articles that described 29 theories of consciousness. We found heterogeneous perspectives in the theories analyzed. Those with the highest grade of variability are as follows: subjectivity, NCC, and the consciousness/cognitive function. Among sub-cortical structures, thalamus, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus were the most indicated, whereas the cingulate, prefrontal, and temporal areas were the most reported for cortical ones also including the thalamo-cortical system. Moreover, we found several definitions of consciousness and 21 new sub-classifications. MDPI 2021-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8146510/ /pubmed/33923218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sattin, Davide Magnani, Francesca Giulia Bartesaghi, Laura Caputo, Milena Fittipaldo, Andrea Veronica Cacciatore, Martina Picozzi, Mario Leonardi, Matilde Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title | Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title_full | Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title_fullStr | Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title_short | Theoretical Models of Consciousness: A Scoping Review |
title_sort | theoretical models of consciousness: a scoping review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8146510/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33923218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050535 |
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