Effect of Application Amounts on In Vitro Dermal Absorption Test Using Caffeine and Testosterone

Dermal absorption of chemicals is a key factor in risk assessment. This study investigated the effects of different amounts of application on dermal absorption and suggested an appropriate application dose for proper dermal absorption. Caffeine and testosterone were chosen as test compounds. An in vitro dermal absorption test was performed using a Franz diffusion cell. Different amounts (5, 10, 25, and 50 mg (or µL)/cm(2)) of semisolid (cream) and liquid (solution) formulations containing 1% caffeine and 0.1% testosterone were applied to rat and minipig (Micropig(®)) skins. After 24 h, the concentrations of both compounds remaining on the skin surface and in the stratum corneum, dermis and epidermis, and receptor fluid were determined using LC-MS / MS or HPLC. Dermal absorption of both compounds decreased with increasing amounts of application in both skin types (rat and minipig) and formulations (cream and solution). Especially, dermal absorptions (%) of both compounds at 50 mg (or µL)/cm(2) was significantly lower compared to 5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm(2) in both rat and minipig skins. Therefore, a low dose (5 or 10 mg (or µL)/cm(2)) of the formulation should be applied to obtain conservative dermal absorption.