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Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all Carnivora and a few non-human primates. Here we describe a CDV outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus Panthera. Similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to prev...

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Autores principales: Batista Linhares, Mainity, Whiteley, Herbert E., Samuelson, Jonathan P., Hsiao, Shih Hsuan, Stern, Adam W., Sprandel, Ian T., Roady, Patrick J., Coleman, David A., Rizzo, Rebecca, Froderman, S. Fred, Terio, Karen A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33946447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050544
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author Batista Linhares, Mainity
Whiteley, Herbert E.
Samuelson, Jonathan P.
Hsiao, Shih Hsuan
Stern, Adam W.
Sprandel, Ian T.
Roady, Patrick J.
Coleman, David A.
Rizzo, Rebecca
Froderman, S. Fred
Terio, Karen A.
author_facet Batista Linhares, Mainity
Whiteley, Herbert E.
Samuelson, Jonathan P.
Hsiao, Shih Hsuan
Stern, Adam W.
Sprandel, Ian T.
Roady, Patrick J.
Coleman, David A.
Rizzo, Rebecca
Froderman, S. Fred
Terio, Karen A.
author_sort Batista Linhares, Mainity
collection PubMed
description Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all Carnivora and a few non-human primates. Here we describe a CDV outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus Panthera. Similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to previously described CDV cases in Panthera, severe pneumonia was the primary lesion and no viral antigens or CDV-like lesions were detected in the central nervous system. Four tigers succumbed to opportunistic infections. Viral hemagglutinin (H)-gene sequence was up to 99% similar to strains circulating contemporaneously in regional wildlife. CDV lesions in raccoons and skunk were primarily encephalitis. A few affected felids had at least one previous vaccination for CDV, while most felids at the center were vaccinated during the outbreak. Panthera sharing a fence or enclosure with infected conspecifics had significantly higher chances of getting sick or dying, suggesting tiger-tiger spread was more likely than recurrent spillover. Prior vaccination was incomplete and likely not protective. This outbreak highlights the need for further understanding of CDV epidemiology for species conservation and public health.
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spelling pubmed-81471642021-05-26 Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies Batista Linhares, Mainity Whiteley, Herbert E. Samuelson, Jonathan P. Hsiao, Shih Hsuan Stern, Adam W. Sprandel, Ian T. Roady, Patrick J. Coleman, David A. Rizzo, Rebecca Froderman, S. Fred Terio, Karen A. Pathogens Case Report Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all Carnivora and a few non-human primates. Here we describe a CDV outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus Panthera. Similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to previously described CDV cases in Panthera, severe pneumonia was the primary lesion and no viral antigens or CDV-like lesions were detected in the central nervous system. Four tigers succumbed to opportunistic infections. Viral hemagglutinin (H)-gene sequence was up to 99% similar to strains circulating contemporaneously in regional wildlife. CDV lesions in raccoons and skunk were primarily encephalitis. A few affected felids had at least one previous vaccination for CDV, while most felids at the center were vaccinated during the outbreak. Panthera sharing a fence or enclosure with infected conspecifics had significantly higher chances of getting sick or dying, suggesting tiger-tiger spread was more likely than recurrent spillover. Prior vaccination was incomplete and likely not protective. This outbreak highlights the need for further understanding of CDV epidemiology for species conservation and public health. MDPI 2021-04-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8147164/ /pubmed/33946447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050544 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Case Report
Batista Linhares, Mainity
Whiteley, Herbert E.
Samuelson, Jonathan P.
Hsiao, Shih Hsuan
Stern, Adam W.
Sprandel, Ian T.
Roady, Patrick J.
Coleman, David A.
Rizzo, Rebecca
Froderman, S. Fred
Terio, Karen A.
Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title_full Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title_fullStr Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title_short Sylvatic Canine Morbillivirus in Captive Panthera Highlights Viral Promiscuity and the Need for Better Prevention Strategies
title_sort sylvatic canine morbillivirus in captive panthera highlights viral promiscuity and the need for better prevention strategies
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33946447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050544
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