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Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root
The aortic root has long been considered an inert unidirectional conduit between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. In the classical definition, the aortic valve leaflets (similar to what is perceived for the atrioventricular valves) have also been considered inactive structures, and their...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064421 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8050051 |
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author | Paiocchi, Vera Lucia Faletra, Francesco F. Ferrari, Enrico Schlossbauer, Susanne Anna Leo, Laura Anna Maisano, Francesco |
author_facet | Paiocchi, Vera Lucia Faletra, Francesco F. Ferrari, Enrico Schlossbauer, Susanne Anna Leo, Laura Anna Maisano, Francesco |
author_sort | Paiocchi, Vera Lucia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aortic root has long been considered an inert unidirectional conduit between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. In the classical definition, the aortic valve leaflets (similar to what is perceived for the atrioventricular valves) have also been considered inactive structures, and their motion was thought to be entirely passive—just driven by the fluctuations of ventricular–aortic gradients. It was not until the advent of aortic valve–sparing surgery and of transcatheter aortic valve implantation that the interest on the anatomy of the aortic root again took momentum. These new procedures require a systematic and thorough analysis of the fine anatomical details of the components of the so-called aortic valve apparatus. Although holding and dissecting cadaveric heart specimens remains an excellent method to appreciate the complex “three-dimensional” nature of the aortic root, nowadays, echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance provide excellent images of cardiac anatomy both in two- and three-dimensional format. Indeed, modern imaging techniques depict the aortic root as it is properly situated within the thorax in an attitudinally correct cardiac orientation, showing a sort of “dynamic anatomy”, which admirably joins structure and function. Finally, they are extensively used before, during, and after percutaneous structural heart disease interventions. This review focuses on the anatomy of the aortic root as revealed by non-invasive imaging techniques. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8147821 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81478212021-05-26 Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root Paiocchi, Vera Lucia Faletra, Francesco F. Ferrari, Enrico Schlossbauer, Susanne Anna Leo, Laura Anna Maisano, Francesco J Cardiovasc Dev Dis Systematic Review The aortic root has long been considered an inert unidirectional conduit between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta. In the classical definition, the aortic valve leaflets (similar to what is perceived for the atrioventricular valves) have also been considered inactive structures, and their motion was thought to be entirely passive—just driven by the fluctuations of ventricular–aortic gradients. It was not until the advent of aortic valve–sparing surgery and of transcatheter aortic valve implantation that the interest on the anatomy of the aortic root again took momentum. These new procedures require a systematic and thorough analysis of the fine anatomical details of the components of the so-called aortic valve apparatus. Although holding and dissecting cadaveric heart specimens remains an excellent method to appreciate the complex “three-dimensional” nature of the aortic root, nowadays, echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance provide excellent images of cardiac anatomy both in two- and three-dimensional format. Indeed, modern imaging techniques depict the aortic root as it is properly situated within the thorax in an attitudinally correct cardiac orientation, showing a sort of “dynamic anatomy”, which admirably joins structure and function. Finally, they are extensively used before, during, and after percutaneous structural heart disease interventions. This review focuses on the anatomy of the aortic root as revealed by non-invasive imaging techniques. MDPI 2021-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8147821/ /pubmed/34064421 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8050051 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Paiocchi, Vera Lucia Faletra, Francesco F. Ferrari, Enrico Schlossbauer, Susanne Anna Leo, Laura Anna Maisano, Francesco Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title | Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title_full | Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title_fullStr | Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title_full_unstemmed | Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title_short | Multimodality Imaging of the Anatomy of the Aortic Root |
title_sort | multimodality imaging of the anatomy of the aortic root |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147821/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064421 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8050051 |
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