Cargando…

Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates

Understanding the toxicity and production rates of the various secondary metabolites produced by Gambierdiscus and cohabitating benthic dinoflagellates is essential to unravelling the complexities associated with ciguatera poisoning. In the present study, a sulphated cyclic polyether, gambierone, wa...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Murray, J. Sam, Finch, Sarah C., Puddick, Jonathan, Rhodes, Lesley L., Harwood, D. Tim, van Ginkel, Roel, Prinsep, Michèle R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050333
_version_ 1783697740510789632
author Murray, J. Sam
Finch, Sarah C.
Puddick, Jonathan
Rhodes, Lesley L.
Harwood, D. Tim
van Ginkel, Roel
Prinsep, Michèle R.
author_facet Murray, J. Sam
Finch, Sarah C.
Puddick, Jonathan
Rhodes, Lesley L.
Harwood, D. Tim
van Ginkel, Roel
Prinsep, Michèle R.
author_sort Murray, J. Sam
collection PubMed
description Understanding the toxicity and production rates of the various secondary metabolites produced by Gambierdiscus and cohabitating benthic dinoflagellates is essential to unravelling the complexities associated with ciguatera poisoning. In the present study, a sulphated cyclic polyether, gambierone, was purified from Gambierdiscus cheloniae CAWD232 and its acute toxicity was determined using intraperitoneal injection into mice. It was shown to be of low toxicity with an LD(50) of 2.4 mg/kg, 9600 times less toxic than the commonly implicated Pacific ciguatoxin-1B, indicating it is unlikely to play a role in ciguatera poisoning. In addition, the production of gambierone and 44-methylgambierone was assessed from 20 isolates of ten Gambierdiscus, two Coolia and two Fukuyoa species using quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gambierone was produced by seven Gambierdiscus species, ranging from 1 to 87 pg/cell, and one species from each of the genera Coolia and Fukuyoa, ranging from 2 to 17 pg/cell. The production of 44-methylgambierone ranged from 5 to 270 pg/cell and was ubiquitous to all Gambierdiscus species tested, as well as both species of Coolia and Fukuyoa. The relative production ratio of these two secondary metabolites revealed that only two species produced more gambierone, G. carpenteri CAWD237 and G. cheloniae CAWD232. This represents the first report of gambierone acute toxicity and production by these cohabitating benthic dinoflagellate species. While these results demonstrate that gambierones are unlikely to pose a risk to human health, further research is required to understand if they bioaccumulate in the marine food web.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8147941
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81479412021-05-26 Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates Murray, J. Sam Finch, Sarah C. Puddick, Jonathan Rhodes, Lesley L. Harwood, D. Tim van Ginkel, Roel Prinsep, Michèle R. Toxins (Basel) Article Understanding the toxicity and production rates of the various secondary metabolites produced by Gambierdiscus and cohabitating benthic dinoflagellates is essential to unravelling the complexities associated with ciguatera poisoning. In the present study, a sulphated cyclic polyether, gambierone, was purified from Gambierdiscus cheloniae CAWD232 and its acute toxicity was determined using intraperitoneal injection into mice. It was shown to be of low toxicity with an LD(50) of 2.4 mg/kg, 9600 times less toxic than the commonly implicated Pacific ciguatoxin-1B, indicating it is unlikely to play a role in ciguatera poisoning. In addition, the production of gambierone and 44-methylgambierone was assessed from 20 isolates of ten Gambierdiscus, two Coolia and two Fukuyoa species using quantitative liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Gambierone was produced by seven Gambierdiscus species, ranging from 1 to 87 pg/cell, and one species from each of the genera Coolia and Fukuyoa, ranging from 2 to 17 pg/cell. The production of 44-methylgambierone ranged from 5 to 270 pg/cell and was ubiquitous to all Gambierdiscus species tested, as well as both species of Coolia and Fukuyoa. The relative production ratio of these two secondary metabolites revealed that only two species produced more gambierone, G. carpenteri CAWD237 and G. cheloniae CAWD232. This represents the first report of gambierone acute toxicity and production by these cohabitating benthic dinoflagellate species. While these results demonstrate that gambierones are unlikely to pose a risk to human health, further research is required to understand if they bioaccumulate in the marine food web. MDPI 2021-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8147941/ /pubmed/34063025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050333 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Murray, J. Sam
Finch, Sarah C.
Puddick, Jonathan
Rhodes, Lesley L.
Harwood, D. Tim
van Ginkel, Roel
Prinsep, Michèle R.
Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title_full Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title_fullStr Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title_full_unstemmed Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title_short Acute Toxicity of Gambierone and Quantitative Analysis of Gambierones Produced by Cohabitating Benthic Dinoflagellates
title_sort acute toxicity of gambierone and quantitative analysis of gambierones produced by cohabitating benthic dinoflagellates
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8147941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13050333
work_keys_str_mv AT murrayjsam acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT finchsarahc acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT puddickjonathan acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT rhodeslesleyl acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT harwooddtim acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT vanginkelroel acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates
AT prinsepmicheler acutetoxicityofgambieroneandquantitativeanalysisofgambieronesproducedbycohabitatingbenthicdinoflagellates