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Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of COVID-19, now represents the sixth Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2009. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transm...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050466 |
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author | Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh Mohseni, Amir Hossein Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G. Casolaro, Vincenzo Cortes-Perez, Naima G. Keyvani, Hossein Simal-Gandara, Jesus |
author_facet | Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh Mohseni, Amir Hossein Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G. Casolaro, Vincenzo Cortes-Perez, Naima G. Keyvani, Hossein Simal-Gandara, Jesus |
author_sort | Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of COVID-19, now represents the sixth Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2009. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted via the mucosal route, a therapy administered by this same route may represent a desirable approach to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is now widely accepted that genetically modified microorganisms, including probiotics, represent attractive vehicles for oral or nasal mucosal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Previous studies have shown that the mucosal administration of therapeutic molecules is able to induce an immune response mediated by specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies along with mucosal cell-mediated immune responses, which effectively concur to neutralize and eradicate infections. Therefore, advances in the modulation of mucosal immune responses, and in particular the use of probiotics as live delivery vectors, may encourage prospective studies to assess the effectiveness of genetically modified probiotics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging trends in the ever-progressing field of vaccine development re-emphasize the contribution of adjuvants, along with optimization of codon usage (when designing a synthetic gene), expression level, and inoculation dose to elicit specific and potent protective immune responses. In this review, we will highlight the existing pre-clinical and clinical information on the use of genetically modified microorganisms in control strategies against respiratory and non-respiratory viruses. In addition, we will discuss some controversial aspects of the use of genetically modified probiotics in modulating the cross-talk between mucosal delivery of therapeutics and immune system modulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8148110 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81481102021-05-26 Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh Mohseni, Amir Hossein Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G. Casolaro, Vincenzo Cortes-Perez, Naima G. Keyvani, Hossein Simal-Gandara, Jesus Vaccines (Basel) Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the causative agent of COVID-19, now represents the sixth Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)—as declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2009. Considering that SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted via the mucosal route, a therapy administered by this same route may represent a desirable approach to fight SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is now widely accepted that genetically modified microorganisms, including probiotics, represent attractive vehicles for oral or nasal mucosal delivery of therapeutic molecules. Previous studies have shown that the mucosal administration of therapeutic molecules is able to induce an immune response mediated by specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies along with mucosal cell-mediated immune responses, which effectively concur to neutralize and eradicate infections. Therefore, advances in the modulation of mucosal immune responses, and in particular the use of probiotics as live delivery vectors, may encourage prospective studies to assess the effectiveness of genetically modified probiotics for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerging trends in the ever-progressing field of vaccine development re-emphasize the contribution of adjuvants, along with optimization of codon usage (when designing a synthetic gene), expression level, and inoculation dose to elicit specific and potent protective immune responses. In this review, we will highlight the existing pre-clinical and clinical information on the use of genetically modified microorganisms in control strategies against respiratory and non-respiratory viruses. In addition, we will discuss some controversial aspects of the use of genetically modified probiotics in modulating the cross-talk between mucosal delivery of therapeutics and immune system modulation. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8148110/ /pubmed/34066443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050466 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh Mohseni, Amir Hossein Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G. Casolaro, Vincenzo Cortes-Perez, Naima G. Keyvani, Hossein Simal-Gandara, Jesus Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title | Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title_full | Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title_fullStr | Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title_short | Probiotic-Based Vaccines May Provide Effective Protection against COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Disease |
title_sort | probiotic-based vaccines may provide effective protection against covid-19 acute respiratory disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066443 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050466 |
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