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The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122 |
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author | van der Vaart, Jamie I. Boon, Mariëtte R. Houtkooper, Riekelt H. |
author_facet | van der Vaart, Jamie I. Boon, Mariëtte R. Houtkooper, Riekelt H. |
author_sort | van der Vaart, Jamie I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8148517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81485172021-05-26 The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation van der Vaart, Jamie I. Boon, Mariëtte R. Houtkooper, Riekelt H. Cells Review Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8148517/ /pubmed/34066631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review van der Vaart, Jamie I. Boon, Mariëtte R. Houtkooper, Riekelt H. The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title | The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title_full | The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title_fullStr | The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title_short | The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation |
title_sort | role of ampk signaling in brown adipose tissue activation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122 |
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