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The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation

Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its...

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Autores principales: van der Vaart, Jamie I., Boon, Mariëtte R., Houtkooper, Riekelt H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148517/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066631
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122
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author van der Vaart, Jamie I.
Boon, Mariëtte R.
Houtkooper, Riekelt H.
author_facet van der Vaart, Jamie I.
Boon, Mariëtte R.
Houtkooper, Riekelt H.
author_sort van der Vaart, Jamie I.
collection PubMed
description Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.
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spelling pubmed-81485172021-05-26 The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation van der Vaart, Jamie I. Boon, Mariëtte R. Houtkooper, Riekelt H. Cells Review Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation. MDPI 2021-05-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8148517/ /pubmed/34066631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
van der Vaart, Jamie I.
Boon, Mariëtte R.
Houtkooper, Riekelt H.
The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title_full The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title_fullStr The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title_full_unstemmed The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title_short The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation
title_sort role of ampk signaling in brown adipose tissue activation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148517/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066631
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051122
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