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Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats

Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Ag...

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Autores principales: Moro, Joanna, Khodorova, Nadezda, Tomé, Daniel, Gaudichon, Claire, Tardivel, Catherine, Berton, Thierry, Martin, Jean-Charles, Azzout-Marniche, Dalila, Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066958
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051567
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author Moro, Joanna
Khodorova, Nadezda
Tomé, Daniel
Gaudichon, Claire
Tardivel, Catherine
Berton, Thierry
Martin, Jean-Charles
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine
author_facet Moro, Joanna
Khodorova, Nadezda
Tomé, Daniel
Gaudichon, Claire
Tardivel, Catherine
Berton, Thierry
Martin, Jean-Charles
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine
author_sort Moro, Joanna
collection PubMed
description Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. Methods: 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. Results: PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. Conclusion: These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement.
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spelling pubmed-81485562021-05-26 Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats Moro, Joanna Khodorova, Nadezda Tomé, Daniel Gaudichon, Claire Tardivel, Catherine Berton, Thierry Martin, Jean-Charles Azzout-Marniche, Dalila Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine Nutrients Article Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. Methods: 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. Results: PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. Conclusion: These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement. MDPI 2021-05-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8148556/ /pubmed/34066958 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051567 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Moro, Joanna
Khodorova, Nadezda
Tomé, Daniel
Gaudichon, Claire
Tardivel, Catherine
Berton, Thierry
Martin, Jean-Charles
Azzout-Marniche, Dalila
Jouan-Rimbaud Bouveresse, Delphine
Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title_full Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title_fullStr Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title_short Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats
title_sort plasma and urinary amino acid-derived catabolites as potential biomarkers of protein and amino acid deficiency in rats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8148556/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066958
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051567
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