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Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users
In the face of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) advancements, the inclusion of vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, has just recently become a part of the discussion. Including VRU in C-ITS presents new challenges, most notably the trade-...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103375 |
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author | Lara, Tomás Yáñez, Alexis Céspedes, Sandra Hafid, Abdelhakim Senhaji |
author_facet | Lara, Tomás Yáñez, Alexis Céspedes, Sandra Hafid, Abdelhakim Senhaji |
author_sort | Lara, Tomás |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the face of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) advancements, the inclusion of vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, has just recently become a part of the discussion. Including VRU in C-ITS presents new challenges, most notably the trade-off between the increase in VRU safety and the aggravation in channel congestion resulting from VRU-generated messages. However, previous studies mainly focus on network-related metrics without giving much consideration to VRU safety-related metrics. In this context, we evaluated such a trade-off with a study of motion-based message generation rules for VRU transmissions. The rules were analyzed using theoretical and simulation-based evaluations. In addition to studying the message generation rules using channel load metrics, such as channel busy ratio (CBR) and packet delivery ratio (PDR), we introduced a new metric: the VRU Awareness Probability (VAP). VAP uses the exchange of messages from active VRU to measure the probability of VRU detection by nearby vehicles. Results show that fixed message-filtering mechanisms reduce the overall channel load, but they could negatively impact VRU detection. We established the importance of quantifying the VRU awareness and its inclusion in C-ITS analysis because of its direct impact on VRU safety. We also discussed approaches that include VRU context and dynamism to improve the definition of message generation rules. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8150342 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81503422021-05-27 Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users Lara, Tomás Yáñez, Alexis Céspedes, Sandra Hafid, Abdelhakim Senhaji Sensors (Basel) Article In the face of cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS) advancements, the inclusion of vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e., pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, has just recently become a part of the discussion. Including VRU in C-ITS presents new challenges, most notably the trade-off between the increase in VRU safety and the aggravation in channel congestion resulting from VRU-generated messages. However, previous studies mainly focus on network-related metrics without giving much consideration to VRU safety-related metrics. In this context, we evaluated such a trade-off with a study of motion-based message generation rules for VRU transmissions. The rules were analyzed using theoretical and simulation-based evaluations. In addition to studying the message generation rules using channel load metrics, such as channel busy ratio (CBR) and packet delivery ratio (PDR), we introduced a new metric: the VRU Awareness Probability (VAP). VAP uses the exchange of messages from active VRU to measure the probability of VRU detection by nearby vehicles. Results show that fixed message-filtering mechanisms reduce the overall channel load, but they could negatively impact VRU detection. We established the importance of quantifying the VRU awareness and its inclusion in C-ITS analysis because of its direct impact on VRU safety. We also discussed approaches that include VRU context and dynamism to improve the definition of message generation rules. MDPI 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8150342/ /pubmed/34066223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103375 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lara, Tomás Yáñez, Alexis Céspedes, Sandra Hafid, Abdelhakim Senhaji Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title | Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title_full | Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title_fullStr | Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title_short | Impact of Safety Message Generation Rules on the Awareness of Vulnerable Road Users |
title_sort | impact of safety message generation rules on the awareness of vulnerable road users |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150342/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066223 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103375 |
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