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Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The inverse association between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer has been suggested by observational studies. From the representative data in Korea, we identified the epidemiologic evidence to elucidate the true effect between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066228 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102343 |
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author | Yeo, Yohwan Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong-Wook Kim, Dahye Jeong, Su-Min Chun, Sohyun Choi, In-Young Jeon, Keun-Hye Kim, Tae-Hyuk |
author_facet | Yeo, Yohwan Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong-Wook Kim, Dahye Jeong, Su-Min Chun, Sohyun Choi, In-Young Jeon, Keun-Hye Kim, Tae-Hyuk |
author_sort | Yeo, Yohwan |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The inverse association between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer has been suggested by observational studies. From the representative data in Korea, we identified the epidemiologic evidence to elucidate the true effect between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer incidence by exploring the effect of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption habits. ABSTRACT: To elucidate potential causality between smoking and alcohol intake on thyroid cancer incidence, we explored the effect of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption habits. From the Korean National Health Insurance database, we identified 4,430,070 individuals who participated in the national health screening program in 2009 and 2011. The level of smoking and alcohol consumption was measured twice, once in 2009 and again in 2011. The risk of thyroid cancer according to their changes was estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. During the mean follow-up period of 6.32 ± 0.72 years, 29,447 individuals were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Compared to those who sustained not smoking, non-smokers who initiated smoking to light (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–1.15), moderate (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78–1.04), and heavy level (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.96) had a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. Heavy smokers who quit smoking had an increased risk of thyroid cancer (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42) compared to those who sustained heavy smoking. Change in drinking status was not significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk compared to drinking at the same level, although a non-significant trend of increased risk was noted in quitters. Participants who initiated both smoking and drinking (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.93) had a lower risk of thyroid cancer compared with those who continued not to smoke and drink. Our findings provide further evidence that smoking, and possibly alcohol consumption, would have true protective effects on the development of thyroid cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8150527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81505272021-05-27 Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study Yeo, Yohwan Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong-Wook Kim, Dahye Jeong, Su-Min Chun, Sohyun Choi, In-Young Jeon, Keun-Hye Kim, Tae-Hyuk Cancers (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The inverse association between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer has been suggested by observational studies. From the representative data in Korea, we identified the epidemiologic evidence to elucidate the true effect between smoking, alcohol intake, and thyroid cancer incidence by exploring the effect of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption habits. ABSTRACT: To elucidate potential causality between smoking and alcohol intake on thyroid cancer incidence, we explored the effect of changes in smoking and alcohol consumption habits. From the Korean National Health Insurance database, we identified 4,430,070 individuals who participated in the national health screening program in 2009 and 2011. The level of smoking and alcohol consumption was measured twice, once in 2009 and again in 2011. The risk of thyroid cancer according to their changes was estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. During the mean follow-up period of 6.32 ± 0.72 years, 29,447 individuals were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Compared to those who sustained not smoking, non-smokers who initiated smoking to light (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–1.15), moderate (aHR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78–1.04), and heavy level (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.96) had a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. Heavy smokers who quit smoking had an increased risk of thyroid cancer (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06–1.42) compared to those who sustained heavy smoking. Change in drinking status was not significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk compared to drinking at the same level, although a non-significant trend of increased risk was noted in quitters. Participants who initiated both smoking and drinking (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.93) had a lower risk of thyroid cancer compared with those who continued not to smoke and drink. Our findings provide further evidence that smoking, and possibly alcohol consumption, would have true protective effects on the development of thyroid cancer. MDPI 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8150527/ /pubmed/34066228 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102343 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yeo, Yohwan Han, Kyungdo Shin, Dong-Wook Kim, Dahye Jeong, Su-Min Chun, Sohyun Choi, In-Young Jeon, Keun-Hye Kim, Tae-Hyuk Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title | Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title_full | Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title_short | Changes in Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Korean Cohort Study |
title_sort | changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of thyroid cancer: a population-based korean cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066228 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102343 |
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