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The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Statins are among the most widely used drug classes in the world. Apart from their basic mechanism of action, which is lowering cholesterol levels, many pleiotropic effects have been described so far, such as anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects. A growing number of scientific reports h...

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Autores principales: Kosowski, Michał, Smolarczyk-Kosowska, Joanna, Hachuła, Marcin, Maligłówka, Mateusz, Basiak, Marcin, Machnik, Grzegorz, Pudlo, Robert, Okopień, Bogusław
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064670
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102838
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author Kosowski, Michał
Smolarczyk-Kosowska, Joanna
Hachuła, Marcin
Maligłówka, Mateusz
Basiak, Marcin
Machnik, Grzegorz
Pudlo, Robert
Okopień, Bogusław
author_facet Kosowski, Michał
Smolarczyk-Kosowska, Joanna
Hachuła, Marcin
Maligłówka, Mateusz
Basiak, Marcin
Machnik, Grzegorz
Pudlo, Robert
Okopień, Bogusław
author_sort Kosowski, Michał
collection PubMed
description Statins are among the most widely used drug classes in the world. Apart from their basic mechanism of action, which is lowering cholesterol levels, many pleiotropic effects have been described so far, such as anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects. A growing number of scientific reports have proven that these drugs have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the nervous system. The first reports proving that lipid-lowering therapy can influence the development of neurological and psychiatric diseases appeared in the 1990s. Despite numerous studies about the mechanisms by which statins may affect the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), there are still no clear data explaining this effect. Most studies have focused on the metabolic effects of this group of drugs, however authors have also described the pleiotropic effects of statins, pointing to their probable impact on the neurotransmitter system and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this paper was to review the literature describing the impacts of statins on dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate neurotransmission, as well as their neuroprotective role. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which statins affect neurotransmission, as well as on their impacts on neurological and psychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), stroke, and depression. The pleiotropic effects of statin usage could potentially open floodgates for research in these treatment domains, catching the attention of researchers and clinicians across the globe.
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spelling pubmed-81507182021-05-27 The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Kosowski, Michał Smolarczyk-Kosowska, Joanna Hachuła, Marcin Maligłówka, Mateusz Basiak, Marcin Machnik, Grzegorz Pudlo, Robert Okopień, Bogusław Molecules Review Statins are among the most widely used drug classes in the world. Apart from their basic mechanism of action, which is lowering cholesterol levels, many pleiotropic effects have been described so far, such as anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects. A growing number of scientific reports have proven that these drugs have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the nervous system. The first reports proving that lipid-lowering therapy can influence the development of neurological and psychiatric diseases appeared in the 1990s. Despite numerous studies about the mechanisms by which statins may affect the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), there are still no clear data explaining this effect. Most studies have focused on the metabolic effects of this group of drugs, however authors have also described the pleiotropic effects of statins, pointing to their probable impact on the neurotransmitter system and neuroprotective effects. The aim of this paper was to review the literature describing the impacts of statins on dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and glutamate neurotransmission, as well as their neuroprotective role. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which statins affect neurotransmission, as well as on their impacts on neurological and psychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), stroke, and depression. The pleiotropic effects of statin usage could potentially open floodgates for research in these treatment domains, catching the attention of researchers and clinicians across the globe. MDPI 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8150718/ /pubmed/34064670 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102838 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kosowski, Michał
Smolarczyk-Kosowska, Joanna
Hachuła, Marcin
Maligłówka, Mateusz
Basiak, Marcin
Machnik, Grzegorz
Pudlo, Robert
Okopień, Bogusław
The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title_full The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title_fullStr The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title_full_unstemmed The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title_short The Effects of Statins on Neurotransmission and Their Neuroprotective Role in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
title_sort effects of statins on neurotransmission and their neuroprotective role in neurological and psychiatric disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150718/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064670
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102838
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