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Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon

In Brazil, malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax presents control challenges due to several reasons, among them the increasing possibility of failure of P. vivax treatment due to chloroquine-resistance (CQR). Despite limited reports of CQR, more extensive studies on the actual magnitude of resistance a...

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Autores principales: Balieiro, Antonio A. S., Siqueira, Andre M., Melo, Gisely C., Monteiro, Wuelton M., Sampaio, Vanderson S., Mueller, Ivo, Lacerda, Marcus V. G., Villela, Daniel A. M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105061
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author Balieiro, Antonio A. S.
Siqueira, Andre M.
Melo, Gisely C.
Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Sampaio, Vanderson S.
Mueller, Ivo
Lacerda, Marcus V. G.
Villela, Daniel A. M.
author_facet Balieiro, Antonio A. S.
Siqueira, Andre M.
Melo, Gisely C.
Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Sampaio, Vanderson S.
Mueller, Ivo
Lacerda, Marcus V. G.
Villela, Daniel A. M.
author_sort Balieiro, Antonio A. S.
collection PubMed
description In Brazil, malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax presents control challenges due to several reasons, among them the increasing possibility of failure of P. vivax treatment due to chloroquine-resistance (CQR). Despite limited reports of CQR, more extensive studies on the actual magnitude of resistance are still needed. Short-time recurrences of malaria cases were analyzed in different transmission scenarios over three years (2005, 2010, and 2015), selected according to malaria incidence. Multilevel models (binomial) were used to evaluate association of short-time recurrences with variables such as age. The zero-inflated Poisson scan model (scanZIP) was used to detect spatial clusters of recurrences up to 28 days. Recurrences compose less than 5% of overall infection, being more frequent in the age group under four years. Recurrences slightly increased incidence. No fixed clusters were detected throughout the period, although there are clustering sites, spatially varying over the years. This is the most extensive analysis of short-time recurrences worldwide which addresses the occurrence of P. vivax CQR. As an important step forward in malaria elimination, policymakers should focus their efforts on young children, with an eventual shift in the first line of malaria treatment to P. vivax.
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spelling pubmed-81507572021-05-27 Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon Balieiro, Antonio A. S. Siqueira, Andre M. Melo, Gisely C. Monteiro, Wuelton M. Sampaio, Vanderson S. Mueller, Ivo Lacerda, Marcus V. G. Villela, Daniel A. M. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In Brazil, malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax presents control challenges due to several reasons, among them the increasing possibility of failure of P. vivax treatment due to chloroquine-resistance (CQR). Despite limited reports of CQR, more extensive studies on the actual magnitude of resistance are still needed. Short-time recurrences of malaria cases were analyzed in different transmission scenarios over three years (2005, 2010, and 2015), selected according to malaria incidence. Multilevel models (binomial) were used to evaluate association of short-time recurrences with variables such as age. The zero-inflated Poisson scan model (scanZIP) was used to detect spatial clusters of recurrences up to 28 days. Recurrences compose less than 5% of overall infection, being more frequent in the age group under four years. Recurrences slightly increased incidence. No fixed clusters were detected throughout the period, although there are clustering sites, spatially varying over the years. This is the most extensive analysis of short-time recurrences worldwide which addresses the occurrence of P. vivax CQR. As an important step forward in malaria elimination, policymakers should focus their efforts on young children, with an eventual shift in the first line of malaria treatment to P. vivax. MDPI 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8150757/ /pubmed/34064738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105061 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Balieiro, Antonio A. S.
Siqueira, Andre M.
Melo, Gisely C.
Monteiro, Wuelton M.
Sampaio, Vanderson S.
Mueller, Ivo
Lacerda, Marcus V. G.
Villela, Daniel A. M.
Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title_full Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title_fullStr Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title_full_unstemmed Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title_short Short-Time Recurrences of Plasmodium vivax Malaria as a Public Health Proxy for Chloroquine-Resistance Surveillance: A Spatio-Temporal Study in the Brazilian Amazon
title_sort short-time recurrences of plasmodium vivax malaria as a public health proxy for chloroquine-resistance surveillance: a spatio-temporal study in the brazilian amazon
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064738
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105061
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