Cargando…
Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria
Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of pl...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050705 |
_version_ | 1783698255683518464 |
---|---|
author | Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Baek, Kwang-Hyun |
author_facet | Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Baek, Kwang-Hyun |
author_sort | Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth, environmental stress, and defense responses against pathogens. Besides plants, a large number of bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Salmonella, Achromobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Mycobacteria, have been reported to synthesize salicylates through the NRPS/PKS biosynthetic gene clusters. This bacterial salicylate production is often linked to the biosynthesis of small ferric-ion-chelating molecules, salicyl-derived siderophores (known as catecholate) under iron-limited conditions. Although bacteria possess entirely different biosynthetic pathways from plants, they share one common biosynthetic enzyme, isochorismate synthase, which converts chorismate to isochorismate, a common precursor for synthesizing SA. Additionally, SA in plants and bacteria can undergo several modifications to carry out their specific functions. In this review, we will systematically focus on the plant and bacterial salicylate biosynthesis and its metabolism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8150894 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81508942021-05-27 Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Baek, Kwang-Hyun Biomolecules Review Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth, environmental stress, and defense responses against pathogens. Besides plants, a large number of bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Salmonella, Achromobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Mycobacteria, have been reported to synthesize salicylates through the NRPS/PKS biosynthetic gene clusters. This bacterial salicylate production is often linked to the biosynthesis of small ferric-ion-chelating molecules, salicyl-derived siderophores (known as catecholate) under iron-limited conditions. Although bacteria possess entirely different biosynthetic pathways from plants, they share one common biosynthetic enzyme, isochorismate synthase, which converts chorismate to isochorismate, a common precursor for synthesizing SA. Additionally, SA in plants and bacteria can undergo several modifications to carry out their specific functions. In this review, we will systematically focus on the plant and bacterial salicylate biosynthesis and its metabolism. MDPI 2021-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8150894/ /pubmed/34065121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050705 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Baek, Kwang-Hyun Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title | Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title_full | Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title_fullStr | Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title_short | Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria |
title_sort | salicylic acid biosynthesis and metabolism: a divergent pathway for plants and bacteria |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150894/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065121 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050705 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT mishraawdheshkumar salicylicacidbiosynthesisandmetabolismadivergentpathwayforplantsandbacteria AT baekkwanghyun salicylicacidbiosynthesisandmetabolismadivergentpathwayforplantsandbacteria |