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Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air

Paratuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Early detection is crucial for successful infection control, but available diagnostic tests are still dissatisfying. Methods allowing a rapid, economic, and reliable identification of ani...

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Autores principales: Weber, Michael, Gierschner, Peter, Klassen, Anne, Kasbohm, Elisa, Schubert, Jochen K., Miekisch, Wolfram, Reinhold, Petra, Köhler, Heike
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150929/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102854
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author Weber, Michael
Gierschner, Peter
Klassen, Anne
Kasbohm, Elisa
Schubert, Jochen K.
Miekisch, Wolfram
Reinhold, Petra
Köhler, Heike
author_facet Weber, Michael
Gierschner, Peter
Klassen, Anne
Kasbohm, Elisa
Schubert, Jochen K.
Miekisch, Wolfram
Reinhold, Petra
Köhler, Heike
author_sort Weber, Michael
collection PubMed
description Paratuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Early detection is crucial for successful infection control, but available diagnostic tests are still dissatisfying. Methods allowing a rapid, economic, and reliable identification of animals or herds affected by MAP are urgently required. This explorative study evaluated the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to discriminate between cattle with and without MAP infections. Headspaces above fecal samples and alveolar fractions of exhaled breath of 77 cows from eight farms with defined MAP status were analyzed in addition to stable air samples. VOCs were identified by GC–MS and quantified against reference substances. To discriminate MAP-positive from MAP-negative samples, VOC feature selection and random forest classification were performed. Classification models, generated for each biological specimen, were evaluated using repeated cross-validation. The robustness of the results was tested by predicting samples of two different sampling days. For MAP classification, the different biological matrices emitted diagnostically relevant VOCs of a unique but partly overlapping pattern (fecal headspace: 19, alveolar gas: 11, stable air: 4–5). Chemically, relevant compounds belonged to hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, furans, and aldehydes. Comparing the different biological specimens, VOC analysis in fecal headspace proved to be most reproducible, discriminatory, and highly predictive.
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spelling pubmed-81509292021-05-27 Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air Weber, Michael Gierschner, Peter Klassen, Anne Kasbohm, Elisa Schubert, Jochen K. Miekisch, Wolfram Reinhold, Petra Köhler, Heike Molecules Article Paratuberculosis is an important disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Early detection is crucial for successful infection control, but available diagnostic tests are still dissatisfying. Methods allowing a rapid, economic, and reliable identification of animals or herds affected by MAP are urgently required. This explorative study evaluated the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to discriminate between cattle with and without MAP infections. Headspaces above fecal samples and alveolar fractions of exhaled breath of 77 cows from eight farms with defined MAP status were analyzed in addition to stable air samples. VOCs were identified by GC–MS and quantified against reference substances. To discriminate MAP-positive from MAP-negative samples, VOC feature selection and random forest classification were performed. Classification models, generated for each biological specimen, were evaluated using repeated cross-validation. The robustness of the results was tested by predicting samples of two different sampling days. For MAP classification, the different biological matrices emitted diagnostically relevant VOCs of a unique but partly overlapping pattern (fecal headspace: 19, alveolar gas: 11, stable air: 4–5). Chemically, relevant compounds belonged to hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, furans, and aldehydes. Comparing the different biological specimens, VOC analysis in fecal headspace proved to be most reproducible, discriminatory, and highly predictive. MDPI 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8150929/ /pubmed/34064882 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102854 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Weber, Michael
Gierschner, Peter
Klassen, Anne
Kasbohm, Elisa
Schubert, Jochen K.
Miekisch, Wolfram
Reinhold, Petra
Köhler, Heike
Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title_full Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title_fullStr Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title_short Detection of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds by Analyzing the Scent of Feces, Alveolar Gas, and Stable Air
title_sort detection of paratuberculosis in dairy herds by analyzing the scent of feces, alveolar gas, and stable air
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150929/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064882
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102854
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