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Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products
The valorization of food industry by-products as sources of bioactive compounds is at the forefront of research in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study focuses on bioactives of apple cider by-products (ACBPs) with putative cardio-protective properties. Total lipids (TLs) were extracted fr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102869 |
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author | Tsoupras, Alexandros Moran, Donal Byrne, Thomas Ryan, James Barrett, Luke Traas, Con Zabetakis, Ioannis |
author_facet | Tsoupras, Alexandros Moran, Donal Byrne, Thomas Ryan, James Barrett, Luke Traas, Con Zabetakis, Ioannis |
author_sort | Tsoupras, Alexandros |
collection | PubMed |
description | The valorization of food industry by-products as sources of bioactive compounds is at the forefront of research in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study focuses on bioactives of apple cider by-products (ACBPs) with putative cardio-protective properties. Total lipids (TLs) were extracted from ACBPs of apple varieties that are low (ACBP1), medium (ACBP2), and high (ACBP3) in tannins and were further separated into polar lipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs). The functionality of these lipid extracts and of their HPLC-derived lipid fractions/PL subclasses were assessed in vitro against human platelet aggregation induced by the thrombotic and inflammatory platelet agonists platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The fatty acid profile of PLs and their most bioactive lipid fractions were evaluated by GC–MS analysis. The PL extracts exhibited higher specificity against the PAF-induced platelet aggregation compared to their anti-ADP effects, while TL and NL showed lower bioactivities in all ACBPs. HPLC analysis unveiled that the most bioactive PL from all ACBPs were those in PL fraction 3 containing phosphatidylcholines (PCs). PLs from all ACBPs and their PC bioactives were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially in the essential omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid (LA) and omega-3 (n-3) alpha linolenic acid (ALA), with favorably low values of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, thus providing a rationale for their higher anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Within this study, highly bioactive PL compounds with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties were identified in ACBPs, which can be potentially utilized for producing cardio-protective functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8150973 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81509732021-05-27 Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products Tsoupras, Alexandros Moran, Donal Byrne, Thomas Ryan, James Barrett, Luke Traas, Con Zabetakis, Ioannis Molecules Article The valorization of food industry by-products as sources of bioactive compounds is at the forefront of research in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study focuses on bioactives of apple cider by-products (ACBPs) with putative cardio-protective properties. Total lipids (TLs) were extracted from ACBPs of apple varieties that are low (ACBP1), medium (ACBP2), and high (ACBP3) in tannins and were further separated into polar lipids (PLs) and neutral lipids (NLs). The functionality of these lipid extracts and of their HPLC-derived lipid fractions/PL subclasses were assessed in vitro against human platelet aggregation induced by the thrombotic and inflammatory platelet agonists platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The fatty acid profile of PLs and their most bioactive lipid fractions were evaluated by GC–MS analysis. The PL extracts exhibited higher specificity against the PAF-induced platelet aggregation compared to their anti-ADP effects, while TL and NL showed lower bioactivities in all ACBPs. HPLC analysis unveiled that the most bioactive PL from all ACBPs were those in PL fraction 3 containing phosphatidylcholines (PCs). PLs from all ACBPs and their PC bioactives were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially in the essential omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid (LA) and omega-3 (n-3) alpha linolenic acid (ALA), with favorably low values of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, thus providing a rationale for their higher anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Within this study, highly bioactive PL compounds with strong anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties were identified in ACBPs, which can be potentially utilized for producing cardio-protective functional foods and/or nutraceuticals. MDPI 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8150973/ /pubmed/34066136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102869 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tsoupras, Alexandros Moran, Donal Byrne, Thomas Ryan, James Barrett, Luke Traas, Con Zabetakis, Ioannis Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title_full | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title_fullStr | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title_short | Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Platelet Properties of Lipid Bioactives from Apple Cider By-Products |
title_sort | anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties of lipid bioactives from apple cider by-products |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150973/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102869 |
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