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Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats
This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided a high-...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150986/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050756 |
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author | Yang, Hye-Jeong Zhang, Ting Wu, Xuan-Gao Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Young-Ho Yang, Eun-Suk Yoon, Yeong-Seok Park, Sunmin |
author_facet | Yang, Hye-Jeong Zhang, Ting Wu, Xuan-Gao Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Young-Ho Yang, Eun-Suk Yoon, Yeong-Seok Park, Sunmin |
author_sort | Yang, Hye-Jeong |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided a high-fat diet containing 0% (control), 0.2% (L-BC; low dosage), 0.6% (M-BC; medium dosage), and 1.8% (H-BC; high dosage) blackcurrant extracts; 0.2% metformin (positive-C); plus 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0%, and 1.6% dextrin, specifically indigestible dextrin, daily for 8 weeks. Daily blackcurrant extract intakes were equivalent to 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg body weight (bw). After a 2 g glucose or maltose/kg bw challenge, serum glucose and insulin concentrations during peak and final states were obviously lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing showed that M-BC and H-BC improved insulin resistance. Hepatic triglyceride deposition, TNF-α expression, and malondialdehyde contents were lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. Improvements in insulin resistance in the M-BC and H-BC groups were associated with reduced inflammation and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Hyperglycemic clamp testing showed that insulin secretion capacity increased in the acute phase (2 to 10 min) in the M-BC and H-BC groups and that insulin sensitivity in the hyperglycemic state was greater in these groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cell mass was greater in the M-BC, H-BC, and positive-C groups than in the control group. Furthermore, β-cell proliferation appeared to be elevated and apoptosis was suppressed in these three groups (p < 0.05). Serum propionate and butyrate concentrations were higher in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. BC dose-dependently increased α-diversity of the gut microbiota and predicted the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation-related microbiome genes and downregulation of carbohydrate digestion and absorption-related genes, as determined by PICRUSt2 analysis. In conclusion, BC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which improved glucose homeostasis, and these improvements were associated with an incremental increase of the α-diversity of gut microbiota and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8150986 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81509862021-05-27 Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats Yang, Hye-Jeong Zhang, Ting Wu, Xuan-Gao Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Young-Ho Yang, Eun-Suk Yoon, Yeong-Seok Park, Sunmin Antioxidants (Basel) Article This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were provided a high-fat diet containing 0% (control), 0.2% (L-BC; low dosage), 0.6% (M-BC; medium dosage), and 1.8% (H-BC; high dosage) blackcurrant extracts; 0.2% metformin (positive-C); plus 1.8%, 1.6%, 1.2%, 0%, and 1.6% dextrin, specifically indigestible dextrin, daily for 8 weeks. Daily blackcurrant extract intakes were equivalent to 100, 300, and 900 mg/kg body weight (bw). After a 2 g glucose or maltose/kg bw challenge, serum glucose and insulin concentrations during peak and final states were obviously lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance testing showed that M-BC and H-BC improved insulin resistance. Hepatic triglyceride deposition, TNF-α expression, and malondialdehyde contents were lower in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. Improvements in insulin resistance in the M-BC and H-BC groups were associated with reduced inflammation and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). Hyperglycemic clamp testing showed that insulin secretion capacity increased in the acute phase (2 to 10 min) in the M-BC and H-BC groups and that insulin sensitivity in the hyperglycemic state was greater in these groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cell mass was greater in the M-BC, H-BC, and positive-C groups than in the control group. Furthermore, β-cell proliferation appeared to be elevated and apoptosis was suppressed in these three groups (p < 0.05). Serum propionate and butyrate concentrations were higher in the M-BC and H-BC groups than in the control group. BC dose-dependently increased α-diversity of the gut microbiota and predicted the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation-related microbiome genes and downregulation of carbohydrate digestion and absorption-related genes, as determined by PICRUSt2 analysis. In conclusion, BC enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which improved glucose homeostasis, and these improvements were associated with an incremental increase of the α-diversity of gut microbiota and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress. MDPI 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8150986/ /pubmed/34068659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050756 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yang, Hye-Jeong Zhang, Ting Wu, Xuan-Gao Kim, Min-Jung Kim, Young-Ho Yang, Eun-Suk Yoon, Yeong-Seok Park, Sunmin Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title | Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title_full | Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title_fullStr | Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title_short | Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats |
title_sort | aqueous blackcurrant extract improves insulin sensitivity and secretion and modulates the gut microbiome in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8150986/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068659 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050756 |
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