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In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions
Biopolymers have been the most frequently studied class of materials due to their biodegradability, renewability, and sustainability. The main aim of the presented study was to evaluate degradability of the polymer material blend which was immersed in different solutions. The present study included...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101542 |
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author | Findrik Balogová, Alena Trebuňová, Marianna Ižaríková, Gabriela Kaščák, Ľuboš Mitrík, Lukáš Klímová, Jana Feranc, Jozef Modrák, Marcel Hudák, Radovan Živčák, Jozef |
author_facet | Findrik Balogová, Alena Trebuňová, Marianna Ižaríková, Gabriela Kaščák, Ľuboš Mitrík, Lukáš Klímová, Jana Feranc, Jozef Modrák, Marcel Hudák, Radovan Živčák, Jozef |
author_sort | Findrik Balogová, Alena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Biopolymers have been the most frequently studied class of materials due to their biodegradability, renewability, and sustainability. The main aim of the presented study was to evaluate degradability of the polymer material blend which was immersed in different solutions. The present study included the production of three different mixtures of polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate, each with a different content of triacetin, which was used as a plasticiser. Applying 3D printing technology, two types of cylindrical specimen were produced, i.e., a solid and a porous specimen, and subjected to in vitro natural degradation. The biodegradation process ran for 195 days in three different solutions (saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Hank’s solution) in stable conditions of 37 °C and a pH of 7.4, while the specimens were kept in an orbital motion to simulate the flow of fluids. The goal was to identify the effects of a solution type, specimen shape and material composition on the biodegradation of the materials. The monitored parameters included changes in the solution quantity absorbed by the specimens; morphological changes in the specimen structure; and mechanical properties. They were measured by compressive testing using the Inspekt5 Table Blue testing device. The experiment revealed that specimen porosity affected the absorption of the solutions. The non-triacetin materials exhibited a higher mechanical resistance to compression than the materials containing a plasticiser. The final result of the experiment indicated that the plasticiser-free specimens exhibited higher values of solution absorption, no formation of block cracks or bubbles, and the pH values of the solutions in which these materials were immersed remained neutral for the entire experiment duration; furthermore, these materials did not reduce pH values down to the alkaline range, as was the case with the solutions with the plasticiser-containing materials. Generally, in applications where high mechanical resistance, earlier degradation, and more stable conditions are required, the use of non-plasticiser materials is recommended. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8151194 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81511942021-05-27 In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions Findrik Balogová, Alena Trebuňová, Marianna Ižaríková, Gabriela Kaščák, Ľuboš Mitrík, Lukáš Klímová, Jana Feranc, Jozef Modrák, Marcel Hudák, Radovan Živčák, Jozef Polymers (Basel) Article Biopolymers have been the most frequently studied class of materials due to their biodegradability, renewability, and sustainability. The main aim of the presented study was to evaluate degradability of the polymer material blend which was immersed in different solutions. The present study included the production of three different mixtures of polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyrate, each with a different content of triacetin, which was used as a plasticiser. Applying 3D printing technology, two types of cylindrical specimen were produced, i.e., a solid and a porous specimen, and subjected to in vitro natural degradation. The biodegradation process ran for 195 days in three different solutions (saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Hank’s solution) in stable conditions of 37 °C and a pH of 7.4, while the specimens were kept in an orbital motion to simulate the flow of fluids. The goal was to identify the effects of a solution type, specimen shape and material composition on the biodegradation of the materials. The monitored parameters included changes in the solution quantity absorbed by the specimens; morphological changes in the specimen structure; and mechanical properties. They were measured by compressive testing using the Inspekt5 Table Blue testing device. The experiment revealed that specimen porosity affected the absorption of the solutions. The non-triacetin materials exhibited a higher mechanical resistance to compression than the materials containing a plasticiser. The final result of the experiment indicated that the plasticiser-free specimens exhibited higher values of solution absorption, no formation of block cracks or bubbles, and the pH values of the solutions in which these materials were immersed remained neutral for the entire experiment duration; furthermore, these materials did not reduce pH values down to the alkaline range, as was the case with the solutions with the plasticiser-containing materials. Generally, in applications where high mechanical resistance, earlier degradation, and more stable conditions are required, the use of non-plasticiser materials is recommended. MDPI 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8151194/ /pubmed/34064971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101542 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Findrik Balogová, Alena Trebuňová, Marianna Ižaríková, Gabriela Kaščák, Ľuboš Mitrík, Lukáš Klímová, Jana Feranc, Jozef Modrák, Marcel Hudák, Radovan Živčák, Jozef In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title | In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title_full | In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title_fullStr | In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title_short | In Vitro Degradation of Specimens Produced from PLA/PHB by Additive Manufacturing in Simulated Conditions |
title_sort | in vitro degradation of specimens produced from pla/phb by additive manufacturing in simulated conditions |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151194/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34064971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101542 |
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