Cargando…

Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method

Due to the increasing consumption of fuels in heavy industries, especially in road transportation, significant efforts are being made to increase the market participation of renewable fuels, including ethanol. In diesel engines, however, ethanol cannot be used as a pure fuel, primarily due to its ve...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kuszewski, Hubert, Jaworski, Artur, Mądziel, Maksymilian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102492
_version_ 1783698335835619328
author Kuszewski, Hubert
Jaworski, Artur
Mądziel, Maksymilian
author_facet Kuszewski, Hubert
Jaworski, Artur
Mądziel, Maksymilian
author_sort Kuszewski, Hubert
collection PubMed
description Due to the increasing consumption of fuels in heavy industries, especially in road transportation, significant efforts are being made to increase the market participation of renewable fuels, including ethanol. In diesel engines, however, ethanol cannot be used as a pure fuel, primarily due to its very low cetane number and lubricity. For this reason, greater attention is being paid to blended fuels containing diesel and varying percentages of ethanol. Tests of lubricating properties carried out in accordance with the standard HFRR (high frequency reciprocating rig) method for ethanol–diesel fuel blends have long durations, which leads to ethanol evaporation and changes in the composition of the tested fuel sample under elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study presents an alternative lubricity assessment criterion based on the measurement of the scuffing load with a four-ball machine. Lubricity tests of blends of typical diesel fuel and ethanol, with ethanol volume fractions up to 14% (v/v), were conducted using a four-ball machine with a continuous increase of the load force of the friction node. In this method the lubrication criterion was the scuffing load of the tribosystem. The obtained results provided insights into the influence of the addition of ethanol to diesel fuel on lubricating properties, while limiting the ethanol evaporation process. The results also showed that an increase in the fraction of ethanol up to 14% (v/v) in diesel fuel resulted in a decrease in the scuffing load and a corresponding deterioration in the lubricating properties of the diesel–ethanol blend. For an ethanol volume fraction of 6–14%, the changes in the scuffing load were smaller than in ethanol volume fractions of 0–6%.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8151240
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81512402021-05-27 Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method Kuszewski, Hubert Jaworski, Artur Mądziel, Maksymilian Materials (Basel) Article Due to the increasing consumption of fuels in heavy industries, especially in road transportation, significant efforts are being made to increase the market participation of renewable fuels, including ethanol. In diesel engines, however, ethanol cannot be used as a pure fuel, primarily due to its very low cetane number and lubricity. For this reason, greater attention is being paid to blended fuels containing diesel and varying percentages of ethanol. Tests of lubricating properties carried out in accordance with the standard HFRR (high frequency reciprocating rig) method for ethanol–diesel fuel blends have long durations, which leads to ethanol evaporation and changes in the composition of the tested fuel sample under elevated temperatures. Therefore, this study presents an alternative lubricity assessment criterion based on the measurement of the scuffing load with a four-ball machine. Lubricity tests of blends of typical diesel fuel and ethanol, with ethanol volume fractions up to 14% (v/v), were conducted using a four-ball machine with a continuous increase of the load force of the friction node. In this method the lubrication criterion was the scuffing load of the tribosystem. The obtained results provided insights into the influence of the addition of ethanol to diesel fuel on lubricating properties, while limiting the ethanol evaporation process. The results also showed that an increase in the fraction of ethanol up to 14% (v/v) in diesel fuel resulted in a decrease in the scuffing load and a corresponding deterioration in the lubricating properties of the diesel–ethanol blend. For an ethanol volume fraction of 6–14%, the changes in the scuffing load were smaller than in ethanol volume fractions of 0–6%. MDPI 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8151240/ /pubmed/34065917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102492 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kuszewski, Hubert
Jaworski, Artur
Mądziel, Maksymilian
Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title_full Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title_fullStr Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title_full_unstemmed Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title_short Lubricity of Ethanol–Diesel Fuel Blends—Study with the Four-Ball Machine Method
title_sort lubricity of ethanol–diesel fuel blends—study with the four-ball machine method
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102492
work_keys_str_mv AT kuszewskihubert lubricityofethanoldieselfuelblendsstudywiththefourballmachinemethod
AT jaworskiartur lubricityofethanoldieselfuelblendsstudywiththefourballmachinemethod
AT madzielmaksymilian lubricityofethanoldieselfuelblendsstudywiththefourballmachinemethod