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Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications
Shark is a cartilaginous fish that produces new antigen receptor (IgNAR) antibodies. This antibody is identified with a similar human heavy chain but dissimilar sequences. The variable domain (VNAR) of IgNAR is stable and small in size, these features are desirable for drug discovery. Previous study...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051140 |
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author | Juma, Salma Nassor Gong, Xiaoxia Hu, Sujie Lv, Zhengbing Shao, Jianzhong Liu, Lili Chen, Guiqian |
author_facet | Juma, Salma Nassor Gong, Xiaoxia Hu, Sujie Lv, Zhengbing Shao, Jianzhong Liu, Lili Chen, Guiqian |
author_sort | Juma, Salma Nassor |
collection | PubMed |
description | Shark is a cartilaginous fish that produces new antigen receptor (IgNAR) antibodies. This antibody is identified with a similar human heavy chain but dissimilar sequences. The variable domain (VNAR) of IgNAR is stable and small in size, these features are desirable for drug discovery. Previous study results revealed the effectiveness of VNAR as a single molecule or a combination molecule to treat diseases both in vivo and in vitro with promising clinical applications. We showed the first evidence of IgNAR alternative splicing from spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), broadening our understanding of the IgNARs characteristics. In this review, we summarize the discoveries on IgNAR with a focus on its advantages for therapeutic development based on its peculiar biochemistry and molecular structure. Proper applications of IgNAR will provide a novel avenue to understand its special presence in cartilaginous fishes as well as designing a number of drugs for undefeated diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8151367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81513672021-05-27 Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications Juma, Salma Nassor Gong, Xiaoxia Hu, Sujie Lv, Zhengbing Shao, Jianzhong Liu, Lili Chen, Guiqian Cells Review Shark is a cartilaginous fish that produces new antigen receptor (IgNAR) antibodies. This antibody is identified with a similar human heavy chain but dissimilar sequences. The variable domain (VNAR) of IgNAR is stable and small in size, these features are desirable for drug discovery. Previous study results revealed the effectiveness of VNAR as a single molecule or a combination molecule to treat diseases both in vivo and in vitro with promising clinical applications. We showed the first evidence of IgNAR alternative splicing from spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), broadening our understanding of the IgNARs characteristics. In this review, we summarize the discoveries on IgNAR with a focus on its advantages for therapeutic development based on its peculiar biochemistry and molecular structure. Proper applications of IgNAR will provide a novel avenue to understand its special presence in cartilaginous fishes as well as designing a number of drugs for undefeated diseases. MDPI 2021-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8151367/ /pubmed/34066890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051140 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Juma, Salma Nassor Gong, Xiaoxia Hu, Sujie Lv, Zhengbing Shao, Jianzhong Liu, Lili Chen, Guiqian Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title | Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title_full | Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title_fullStr | Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title_short | Shark New Antigen Receptor (IgNAR): Structure, Characteristics and Potential Biomedical Applications |
title_sort | shark new antigen receptor (ignar): structure, characteristics and potential biomedical applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051140 |
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