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The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides
Coccidioidomycosis, otherwise known as Valley Fever, is caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most clinical cases present with self-limiting pulmonary infection, dissemination of Coccidioides spp. results in prolonged treatment and portends higher mortality rates...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050377 |
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author | Ward, Rebecca A. Thompson, George R. Villani, Alexandra-Chloé Li, Bo Mansour, Michael K. Wuethrich, Marcel Tam, Jenny M. Klein, Bruce S. Vyas, Jatin M. |
author_facet | Ward, Rebecca A. Thompson, George R. Villani, Alexandra-Chloé Li, Bo Mansour, Michael K. Wuethrich, Marcel Tam, Jenny M. Klein, Bruce S. Vyas, Jatin M. |
author_sort | Ward, Rebecca A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coccidioidomycosis, otherwise known as Valley Fever, is caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most clinical cases present with self-limiting pulmonary infection, dissemination of Coccidioides spp. results in prolonged treatment and portends higher mortality rates. While the structure, genome, and niches for Coccidioides have provided some insight into the pathogenesis of disease, the underlying immunological mechanisms of clearance or inability to contain the infection in the lung are poorly understood. This review focuses on the known innate and adaptive immune responses to Coccidioides and highlights three important areas of uncertainty and potential approaches to address them. Closing these gaps in knowledge may enable new preventative and therapeutic strategies to be pursued. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8151481 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81514812021-05-27 The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides Ward, Rebecca A. Thompson, George R. Villani, Alexandra-Chloé Li, Bo Mansour, Michael K. Wuethrich, Marcel Tam, Jenny M. Klein, Bruce S. Vyas, Jatin M. J Fungi (Basel) Review Coccidioidomycosis, otherwise known as Valley Fever, is caused by the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. While most clinical cases present with self-limiting pulmonary infection, dissemination of Coccidioides spp. results in prolonged treatment and portends higher mortality rates. While the structure, genome, and niches for Coccidioides have provided some insight into the pathogenesis of disease, the underlying immunological mechanisms of clearance or inability to contain the infection in the lung are poorly understood. This review focuses on the known innate and adaptive immune responses to Coccidioides and highlights three important areas of uncertainty and potential approaches to address them. Closing these gaps in knowledge may enable new preventative and therapeutic strategies to be pursued. MDPI 2021-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8151481/ /pubmed/34065016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050377 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ward, Rebecca A. Thompson, George R. Villani, Alexandra-Chloé Li, Bo Mansour, Michael K. Wuethrich, Marcel Tam, Jenny M. Klein, Bruce S. Vyas, Jatin M. The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title | The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title_full | The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title_fullStr | The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title_full_unstemmed | The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title_short | The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response to Coccidioides |
title_sort | known unknowns of the immune response to coccidioides |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151481/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34065016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050377 |
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