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Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review

Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins, predominantly produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and A. pseudotamarii. AFs are carcinogenic compounds causing liver cancer in humans and animals. Physical and biological factors significantly affect AF production during the pre-and post-harves...

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Autores principales: Khan, Rahim, Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad, Mahyudin, Nor Ainy, Samsudin, Nik Iskandar Putra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050381
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author Khan, Rahim
Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad
Mahyudin, Nor Ainy
Samsudin, Nik Iskandar Putra
author_facet Khan, Rahim
Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad
Mahyudin, Nor Ainy
Samsudin, Nik Iskandar Putra
author_sort Khan, Rahim
collection PubMed
description Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins, predominantly produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and A. pseudotamarii. AFs are carcinogenic compounds causing liver cancer in humans and animals. Physical and biological factors significantly affect AF production during the pre-and post-harvest time. Several methodologies have been developed to control AF contamination, yet; they are usually expensive and unfriendly to the environment. Consequently, interest in using biocontrol agents has increased, as they are convenient, advanced, and friendly to the environment. Using non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus (AF(−)) as biocontrol agents is the most promising method to control AFs’ contamination in cereal crops. AF(−) strains cannot produce AFs due to the absence of polyketide synthase genes or genetic mutation. AF(−) strains competitively exclude the AF(+) strains in the field, giving an extra advantage to the stored grains. Several microbiological, molecular, and field-based approaches have been used to select a suitable biocontrol agent. The effectiveness of biocontrol agents in controlling AF contamination could reach up to 99.3%. Optimal inoculum rate and a perfect time of application are critical factors influencing the efficacy of biocontrol agents.
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spelling pubmed-81519992021-05-27 Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review Khan, Rahim Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad Mahyudin, Nor Ainy Samsudin, Nik Iskandar Putra J Fungi (Basel) Review Aflatoxins (AFs) are mycotoxins, predominantly produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, and A. pseudotamarii. AFs are carcinogenic compounds causing liver cancer in humans and animals. Physical and biological factors significantly affect AF production during the pre-and post-harvest time. Several methodologies have been developed to control AF contamination, yet; they are usually expensive and unfriendly to the environment. Consequently, interest in using biocontrol agents has increased, as they are convenient, advanced, and friendly to the environment. Using non-aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus (AF(−)) as biocontrol agents is the most promising method to control AFs’ contamination in cereal crops. AF(−) strains cannot produce AFs due to the absence of polyketide synthase genes or genetic mutation. AF(−) strains competitively exclude the AF(+) strains in the field, giving an extra advantage to the stored grains. Several microbiological, molecular, and field-based approaches have been used to select a suitable biocontrol agent. The effectiveness of biocontrol agents in controlling AF contamination could reach up to 99.3%. Optimal inoculum rate and a perfect time of application are critical factors influencing the efficacy of biocontrol agents. MDPI 2021-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8151999/ /pubmed/34066260 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050381 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Khan, Rahim
Ghazali, Farinazleen Mohamad
Mahyudin, Nor Ainy
Samsudin, Nik Iskandar Putra
Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title_full Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title_fullStr Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title_short Biocontrol of Aflatoxins Using Non-Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus: A Literature Review
title_sort biocontrol of aflatoxins using non-aflatoxigenic aspergillus flavus: a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34066260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050381
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