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Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants

Viroids are plant pathogenic, circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs). Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus of plant cells through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, thus triggering the host’s RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. In plants, the two RNAi pill...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wassenegger, Michael, Dalakouras, Athanasios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067940
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051187
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author Wassenegger, Michael
Dalakouras, Athanasios
author_facet Wassenegger, Michael
Dalakouras, Athanasios
author_sort Wassenegger, Michael
collection PubMed
description Viroids are plant pathogenic, circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs). Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus of plant cells through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, thus triggering the host’s RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. In plants, the two RNAi pillars are Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) and RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM), and the latter has the potential to trigger Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS). Over the last three decades, the employment of viroid-based systems has immensely contributed to our understanding of both of these RNAi facets. In this review, we highlight the role of Pospiviroidae in the discovery of RdDM, expound the gradual elucidation through the years of the diverse array of RdDM’s mechanistic details and propose a revised RdDM model based on the cumulative amount of evidence from viroid and non-viroid systems.
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spelling pubmed-81520412021-05-27 Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants Wassenegger, Michael Dalakouras, Athanasios Cells Review Viroids are plant pathogenic, circular, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs). Members of the Pospiviroidae family replicate in the nucleus of plant cells through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) intermediates, thus triggering the host’s RNA interference (RNAi) machinery. In plants, the two RNAi pillars are Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) and RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM), and the latter has the potential to trigger Transcriptional Gene Silencing (TGS). Over the last three decades, the employment of viroid-based systems has immensely contributed to our understanding of both of these RNAi facets. In this review, we highlight the role of Pospiviroidae in the discovery of RdDM, expound the gradual elucidation through the years of the diverse array of RdDM’s mechanistic details and propose a revised RdDM model based on the cumulative amount of evidence from viroid and non-viroid systems. MDPI 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8152041/ /pubmed/34067940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051187 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wassenegger, Michael
Dalakouras, Athanasios
Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title_full Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title_fullStr Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title_short Viroids as a Tool to Study RNA-Directed DNA Methylation in Plants
title_sort viroids as a tool to study rna-directed dna methylation in plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067940
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051187
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