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Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns

Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediate...

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Autores principales: Gargano, Domenico, Appanna, Ramapraba, Santonicola, Antonella, De Bartolomeis, Fabio, Stellato, Cristiana, Cianferoni, Antonella, Casolaro, Vincenzo, Iovino, Paola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051638
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author Gargano, Domenico
Appanna, Ramapraba
Santonicola, Antonella
De Bartolomeis, Fabio
Stellato, Cristiana
Cianferoni, Antonella
Casolaro, Vincenzo
Iovino, Paola
author_facet Gargano, Domenico
Appanna, Ramapraba
Santonicola, Antonella
De Bartolomeis, Fabio
Stellato, Cristiana
Cianferoni, Antonella
Casolaro, Vincenzo
Iovino, Paola
author_sort Gargano, Domenico
collection PubMed
description Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune reactions to food that are extremely common. The risk of an inappropriate approach to their correct identification can lead to inappropriate diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides an outline of the pathophysiologic and clinical features of immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food—along with general diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis is placed on specific nutritional concerns for each of these conditions from the combined point of view of gastroenterology and immunology, in an attempt to offer a useful tool to practicing physicians in discriminating these diverging disease entities and planning their correct management. We conclude that a correct diagnostic approach and dietary control of both immune- and non-immune-mediated food-induced diseases might minimize the nutritional gaps in these patients, thus helping to improve their quality of life and reduce the economic costs of their management.
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spelling pubmed-81524682021-05-27 Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns Gargano, Domenico Appanna, Ramapraba Santonicola, Antonella De Bartolomeis, Fabio Stellato, Cristiana Cianferoni, Antonella Casolaro, Vincenzo Iovino, Paola Nutrients Review Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune reactions to food that are extremely common. The risk of an inappropriate approach to their correct identification can lead to inappropriate diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides an outline of the pathophysiologic and clinical features of immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food—along with general diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis is placed on specific nutritional concerns for each of these conditions from the combined point of view of gastroenterology and immunology, in an attempt to offer a useful tool to practicing physicians in discriminating these diverging disease entities and planning their correct management. We conclude that a correct diagnostic approach and dietary control of both immune- and non-immune-mediated food-induced diseases might minimize the nutritional gaps in these patients, thus helping to improve their quality of life and reduce the economic costs of their management. MDPI 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8152468/ /pubmed/34068047 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051638 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Gargano, Domenico
Appanna, Ramapraba
Santonicola, Antonella
De Bartolomeis, Fabio
Stellato, Cristiana
Cianferoni, Antonella
Casolaro, Vincenzo
Iovino, Paola
Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title_full Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title_fullStr Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title_full_unstemmed Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title_short Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
title_sort food allergy and intolerance: a narrative review on nutritional concerns
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068047
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051638
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