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MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogrammi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152735/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050728 |
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author | Werlen, Guy Jain, Ritika Jacinto, Estela |
author_facet | Werlen, Guy Jain, Ritika Jacinto, Estela |
author_sort | Werlen, Guy |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogramming and mTOR signaling impact peripheral T cell activation and fate. The contribution of mTOR and metabolism during early T-cell development in the thymus is also emerging and is the subject of this review. Two major T lineages with distinct immune functions and peripheral homing organs diverge during early thymic development; the αβ- and γδ-T cells, which are defined by their respective TCR subunits. Thymic T-regulatory cells, which have immunosuppressive functions, also develop in the thymus from positively selected αβ-T cells. Here, we review recent findings on how the two mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the signaling molecules involved in the mTOR pathway are involved in thymocyte differentiation. We discuss emerging views on how metabolic remodeling impacts early T cell development and how this can be mediated via mTOR signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8152735 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81527352021-05-27 MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development Werlen, Guy Jain, Ritika Jacinto, Estela Genes (Basel) Review The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) controls cell fate and responses via its functions in regulating metabolism. Its role in controlling immunity was unraveled by early studies on the immunosuppressive properties of rapamycin. Recent studies have provided insights on how metabolic reprogramming and mTOR signaling impact peripheral T cell activation and fate. The contribution of mTOR and metabolism during early T-cell development in the thymus is also emerging and is the subject of this review. Two major T lineages with distinct immune functions and peripheral homing organs diverge during early thymic development; the αβ- and γδ-T cells, which are defined by their respective TCR subunits. Thymic T-regulatory cells, which have immunosuppressive functions, also develop in the thymus from positively selected αβ-T cells. Here, we review recent findings on how the two mTOR protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, and the signaling molecules involved in the mTOR pathway are involved in thymocyte differentiation. We discuss emerging views on how metabolic remodeling impacts early T cell development and how this can be mediated via mTOR signaling. MDPI 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8152735/ /pubmed/34068092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050728 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Werlen, Guy Jain, Ritika Jacinto, Estela MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title_full | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title_fullStr | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title_full_unstemmed | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title_short | MTOR Signaling and Metabolism in Early T Cell Development |
title_sort | mtor signaling and metabolism in early t cell development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8152735/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050728 |
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