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Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Currently, the beef production system faces important challenges, such as improving feed efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and improving animal welfare. Citrus flavonoids from bitter orange plant secondary metabolites are feed additives that have shown promising effects on i...

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Autores principales: Paniagua, Montserrat, Crespo, Francisco Javier, Arís, Anna, Devant, Maria
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8153133/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068215
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051387
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author Paniagua, Montserrat
Crespo, Francisco Javier
Arís, Anna
Devant, Maria
author_facet Paniagua, Montserrat
Crespo, Francisco Javier
Arís, Anna
Devant, Maria
author_sort Paniagua, Montserrat
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Currently, the beef production system faces important challenges, such as improving feed efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and improving animal welfare. Citrus flavonoids from bitter orange plant secondary metabolites are feed additives that have shown promising effects on intake modulation, efficiency, and improving animal behaviors related with animal welfare. However, as they interact with the digestive tract microbiota and the digestive tract receptors, their effects may be affected by the feeding method (mash or pellet). In the present study, when these flavonoids were fed in a pellet concentrate presentation form, the bull’s efficiency did not improve. However, animal behaviors related to welfare problems were reduced. Furthermore, supplementing bulls with flavonoids modified the expression in the rumen of genes concerned with behavior and inflammatory response. Therefore, supplementing bulls with citrus flavonoids may be a good strategy to improve their welfare. ABSTRACT: Flavonoid supplementation may modify the behavior and rumen inflammatory response of fattening bulls, and this could be related to the concentrate presentation (mash or pellet) form. In the present study, 150 Holstein bulls (183.0 ± 7.53 kg BW and 137 ± 1.8 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of eight pens and assigned to control (C) or (BF) (Citrus aurantium, Bioflavex CA, HealthTech Bio Actives, Spain, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex CA, 20% naringin). Concentrate (pellet) intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study, and ruminal epithelium samples were collected for gene expression analyses. Treatment did not affect animal performance; however, BF supplementation reduced agonistic interactions and oral non-nutritive behaviors and increased the time devoted to eating concentrate and ruminating activity (p < 0.05). The gene expression of some genes in the rumen epithelium was greater or tended to be greater in BF than C bulls (bitter taste receptor 16, cytokine IL-25, β-defensin; p < 0.10; pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha; p < 0.05). In conclusion, flavonoid supplementation modifies the expression of genes in the rumen epithelium that could be related to inflammation and animal behavior modulation.
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spelling pubmed-81531332021-05-27 Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form Paniagua, Montserrat Crespo, Francisco Javier Arís, Anna Devant, Maria Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Currently, the beef production system faces important challenges, such as improving feed efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and improving animal welfare. Citrus flavonoids from bitter orange plant secondary metabolites are feed additives that have shown promising effects on intake modulation, efficiency, and improving animal behaviors related with animal welfare. However, as they interact with the digestive tract microbiota and the digestive tract receptors, their effects may be affected by the feeding method (mash or pellet). In the present study, when these flavonoids were fed in a pellet concentrate presentation form, the bull’s efficiency did not improve. However, animal behaviors related to welfare problems were reduced. Furthermore, supplementing bulls with flavonoids modified the expression in the rumen of genes concerned with behavior and inflammatory response. Therefore, supplementing bulls with citrus flavonoids may be a good strategy to improve their welfare. ABSTRACT: Flavonoid supplementation may modify the behavior and rumen inflammatory response of fattening bulls, and this could be related to the concentrate presentation (mash or pellet) form. In the present study, 150 Holstein bulls (183.0 ± 7.53 kg BW and 137 ± 1.8 d of age) were randomly allocated to one of eight pens and assigned to control (C) or (BF) (Citrus aurantium, Bioflavex CA, HealthTech Bio Actives, Spain, 0.4 kg per ton of concentrate of Bioflavex CA, 20% naringin). Concentrate (pellet) intake was recorded daily, and BW and animal behavior fortnightly. Animals were slaughtered after 168 d of study, and ruminal epithelium samples were collected for gene expression analyses. Treatment did not affect animal performance; however, BF supplementation reduced agonistic interactions and oral non-nutritive behaviors and increased the time devoted to eating concentrate and ruminating activity (p < 0.05). The gene expression of some genes in the rumen epithelium was greater or tended to be greater in BF than C bulls (bitter taste receptor 16, cytokine IL-25, β-defensin; p < 0.10; pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha; p < 0.05). In conclusion, flavonoid supplementation modifies the expression of genes in the rumen epithelium that could be related to inflammation and animal behavior modulation. MDPI 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8153133/ /pubmed/34068215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051387 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Paniagua, Montserrat
Crespo, Francisco Javier
Arís, Anna
Devant, Maria
Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title_full Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title_fullStr Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title_short Effects of Flavonoids Extracted from Citrus aurantium on Performance, Behavior, and Rumen Gene Expression in Holstein Bulls Fed with High-Concentrate Diets in Pellet Form
title_sort effects of flavonoids extracted from citrus aurantium on performance, behavior, and rumen gene expression in holstein bulls fed with high-concentrate diets in pellet form
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8153133/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068215
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051387
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