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Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota

Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated with indust...

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Autores principales: Cronin, Peter, Joyce, Susan A., O’Toole, Paul W., O’Connor, Eibhlís M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8153313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051655
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author Cronin, Peter
Joyce, Susan A.
O’Toole, Paul W.
O’Connor, Eibhlís M.
author_facet Cronin, Peter
Joyce, Susan A.
O’Toole, Paul W.
O’Connor, Eibhlís M.
author_sort Cronin, Peter
collection PubMed
description Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated with industrialised nations, and is linked to an increased prevalence of gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The characteristic metabolic parameters of these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as high plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Gut microbial signatures are also altered significantly in these cohorts, suggesting a causative link between diet, microbes and disease. Dietary fibre consumption has been hypothesised to reverse these changes through microbial fermentation and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which improves glucose and lipid parameters in individuals who harbour diseases associated with dysfunctional metabolism. This review article examines how different types of dietary fibre can differentially alter glucose and lipid metabolism through changes in gut microbiota composition and function.
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spelling pubmed-81533132021-05-27 Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota Cronin, Peter Joyce, Susan A. O’Toole, Paul W. O’Connor, Eibhlís M. Nutrients Review Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre “Western diets” associated with industrialised nations, and is linked to an increased prevalence of gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. The characteristic metabolic parameters of these individuals include insulin resistance, high fasting and postprandial glucose, as well as high plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Gut microbial signatures are also altered significantly in these cohorts, suggesting a causative link between diet, microbes and disease. Dietary fibre consumption has been hypothesised to reverse these changes through microbial fermentation and the subsequent production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which improves glucose and lipid parameters in individuals who harbour diseases associated with dysfunctional metabolism. This review article examines how different types of dietary fibre can differentially alter glucose and lipid metabolism through changes in gut microbiota composition and function. MDPI 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8153313/ /pubmed/34068353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051655 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Cronin, Peter
Joyce, Susan A.
O’Toole, Paul W.
O’Connor, Eibhlís M.
Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title_full Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title_fullStr Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title_full_unstemmed Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title_short Dietary Fibre Modulates the Gut Microbiota
title_sort dietary fibre modulates the gut microbiota
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8153313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051655
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