Hydrodynamic Modeling of Turbulence Modulation by Particles in a Swirling Gas–Particle Two-Phase Flow

[Image: see text] Turbulence modulations by particles of a swirling gas–particle two-phase flow in an axisymmetric chamber are numerically simulated. To fully consider the preferential concentrations and the anisotropic dispersions of particles, a second-order moment model coupling particle–particle collision model was improved. Experimental validation for the proposed model, algorithm, and in-house codes by acceptable match was carried out. The effects of ultralight-expanded graphite and heavy copper particles with a large span of Stokes number on gas velocities and fluctuations, Reynolds shear stresses and tensor invariants, turbulence kinetic energies, and vortice structures are investigated. The results show that turbulent modulation exhibits strong anisotropic characteristics and remains in a close relationship with the flow structure. Modulation disturbances and vortex evolution are enforced by heavy-large particles with higher Stokes numbers. Preferential accumulations of ultralight particles in shear stress regions at lower vortices are weaker than those of heavy particles. For axial turbulence modulations, a heavy particle plays the primary role in the inhibition action because of larger inertia, and a light particle contributes to the enhancement effect due to excellent followability. The instantaneous flow information and coherent turbulent structure are failed to be acquired due to the limitation of the Reynolds time-averaged algorithm.