Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller Performance Assessment and Retuning Based on General Process Response Data

[Image: see text] In this paper, the current research status of controller performance assessment is reviewed in brief. Solving the problem of proportional–integral–derivative performance assessment usually requires step response data, and several methods are combined and extended. Using the integral of signals, implicit model information contained in process response data becomes explicit, and then the least squares approach is adopted to construct a detailed low-order process model based on process response data in more general types. A one-dimensional search algorithm is used to attain better estimation of process time delay, and integral equation approach is extended to be useful for more general process response. Based on the obtained model, a performance benchmark is established by simulating model output. Appropriate retuning methods are selected when the index of absolute integral error (IAE) indicates bad performance. Simulations and experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Issues about estimation of process time delay, data preprocessing, and parameter selection are studied and discussed.