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Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults

In young adults, performance on a test of response inhibition was recently found to be correlated with performance on a reactive balance test where automated stepping responses must occasionally be inhibited. The present study aimed to determine whether this relationship holds true in older adults,...

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Autores principales: England, Derek, Ruddy, Kathy L., Dakin, Christopher J., Schwartz, Sarah E., Butler, Blake, Bolton, David A. E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050643
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author England, Derek
Ruddy, Kathy L.
Dakin, Christopher J.
Schwartz, Sarah E.
Butler, Blake
Bolton, David A. E.
author_facet England, Derek
Ruddy, Kathy L.
Dakin, Christopher J.
Schwartz, Sarah E.
Butler, Blake
Bolton, David A. E.
author_sort England, Derek
collection PubMed
description In young adults, performance on a test of response inhibition was recently found to be correlated with performance on a reactive balance test where automated stepping responses must occasionally be inhibited. The present study aimed to determine whether this relationship holds true in older adults, wherein response inhibition is typically deficient and the control of postural equilibrium presents a greater challenge. Ten participants (50+ years of age) completed a seated cognitive test (stop signal task) followed by a reactive balance test. Reactive balance was assessed using a modified lean-and-release system where participants were required to step to regain balance following perturbation, or suppress a step if an obstacle was present. The stop signal task is a standardized cognitive test that provides a measure of the speed of response inhibition called the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). Muscle responses in the legs were compared between conditions where a step was allowed or blocked to quantify response inhibition of the step. The SSRT was significantly related to leg muscle suppression during balance recovery in the stance leg. Thus, participants that were better at inhibiting their responses in the stop signal task were also better at inhibiting an unwanted leg response in favor of grasping a supportive handle. The relationship between a seated cognitive test using finger responses and leg muscle suppression when a step was blocked indicates a context-independent, generalized capacity for response inhibition. This suggests that a simple cognitive test such as the stop signal task could be used clinically to predict an individual’s capacity for adapting balance reactions and fall risk. The present results provide support for future studies, with larger samples, to verify this relationship between stop signal reaction time and leg response during balance recovery.
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spelling pubmed-81562722021-05-28 Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults England, Derek Ruddy, Kathy L. Dakin, Christopher J. Schwartz, Sarah E. Butler, Blake Bolton, David A. E. Brain Sci Article In young adults, performance on a test of response inhibition was recently found to be correlated with performance on a reactive balance test where automated stepping responses must occasionally be inhibited. The present study aimed to determine whether this relationship holds true in older adults, wherein response inhibition is typically deficient and the control of postural equilibrium presents a greater challenge. Ten participants (50+ years of age) completed a seated cognitive test (stop signal task) followed by a reactive balance test. Reactive balance was assessed using a modified lean-and-release system where participants were required to step to regain balance following perturbation, or suppress a step if an obstacle was present. The stop signal task is a standardized cognitive test that provides a measure of the speed of response inhibition called the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). Muscle responses in the legs were compared between conditions where a step was allowed or blocked to quantify response inhibition of the step. The SSRT was significantly related to leg muscle suppression during balance recovery in the stance leg. Thus, participants that were better at inhibiting their responses in the stop signal task were also better at inhibiting an unwanted leg response in favor of grasping a supportive handle. The relationship between a seated cognitive test using finger responses and leg muscle suppression when a step was blocked indicates a context-independent, generalized capacity for response inhibition. This suggests that a simple cognitive test such as the stop signal task could be used clinically to predict an individual’s capacity for adapting balance reactions and fall risk. The present results provide support for future studies, with larger samples, to verify this relationship between stop signal reaction time and leg response during balance recovery. MDPI 2021-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8156272/ /pubmed/34063458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050643 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
England, Derek
Ruddy, Kathy L.
Dakin, Christopher J.
Schwartz, Sarah E.
Butler, Blake
Bolton, David A. E.
Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title_full Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title_fullStr Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title_short Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults
title_sort relationship between speed of response inhibition and ability to suppress a step in midlife and older adults
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34063458
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050643
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