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A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages
The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven Cannabis sativa L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156653/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102912 |
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author | Spano, Mattia Di Matteo, Giacomo Ingallina, Cinzia Botta, Bruno Quaglio, Deborah Ghirga, Francesca Balducci, Silvia Cammarone, Silvia Campiglia, Enio Giusti, Anna Maria Vinci, Giuliana Rapa, Mattia Ciano, Salvatore Mannina, Luisa Sobolev, Anatoly P. |
author_facet | Spano, Mattia Di Matteo, Giacomo Ingallina, Cinzia Botta, Bruno Quaglio, Deborah Ghirga, Francesca Balducci, Silvia Cammarone, Silvia Campiglia, Enio Giusti, Anna Maria Vinci, Giuliana Rapa, Mattia Ciano, Salvatore Mannina, Luisa Sobolev, Anatoly P. |
author_sort | Spano, Mattia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven Cannabis sativa L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering to end of flowering/beginning of seed formation, using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and targeted (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and spectrophotometry) analyses. The tetrahydrocannabinol content was always below the legal limits (<0.6%) in all the analyzed samples. The NMR metabolite profile (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and minor compounds) subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) showed a strong variability according to the harvesting stages: samples harvested in stage I were characterized by a high content of sucrose and myo-inositol, whereas the ones harvested in stage II showed high levels of succinic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Samples harvested in stage III were characterized by high levels of glucose, fructose, choline, trigonelline, malic acid, formic acid, and some amino acids. The ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids content indicated that all plants grew up exposed to the sun, the Eletta Campana cultivar having the highest pigment amount. Tiborszallasi cultivar showed the highest polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was generally observed in stage II. All these results suggested that the Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences of each analyzed dioecious hemp cultivar presented a peculiar chemical profile affected by the harvesting stage. This information could be useful for producers and industries to harvest inflorescences in the appropriate stage to obtain samples with a peculiar chemical profile suitable for proper applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8156653 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81566532021-05-28 A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages Spano, Mattia Di Matteo, Giacomo Ingallina, Cinzia Botta, Bruno Quaglio, Deborah Ghirga, Francesca Balducci, Silvia Cammarone, Silvia Campiglia, Enio Giusti, Anna Maria Vinci, Giuliana Rapa, Mattia Ciano, Salvatore Mannina, Luisa Sobolev, Anatoly P. Molecules Article The chemical profile of the female inflorescence extracts from seven Cannabis sativa L. dioecious cultivars (Carmagnola, Fibranova, Eletta Campana, Antal, Tiborszallasi, Kompolti, and Tisza) was monitored at three harvesting stages (4, 14, and 30 September), reaching from the beginning of flowering to end of flowering/beginning of seed formation, using untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and targeted (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and spectrophotometry) analyses. The tetrahydrocannabinol content was always below the legal limits (<0.6%) in all the analyzed samples. The NMR metabolite profile (sugars, organic acids, amino acids, and minor compounds) subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) showed a strong variability according to the harvesting stages: samples harvested in stage I were characterized by a high content of sucrose and myo-inositol, whereas the ones harvested in stage II showed high levels of succinic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. Samples harvested in stage III were characterized by high levels of glucose, fructose, choline, trigonelline, malic acid, formic acid, and some amino acids. The ratio between chlorophylls and carotenoids content indicated that all plants grew up exposed to the sun, the Eletta Campana cultivar having the highest pigment amount. Tiborszallasi cultivar showed the highest polyphenol content. The highest antioxidant activity was generally observed in stage II. All these results suggested that the Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences of each analyzed dioecious hemp cultivar presented a peculiar chemical profile affected by the harvesting stage. This information could be useful for producers and industries to harvest inflorescences in the appropriate stage to obtain samples with a peculiar chemical profile suitable for proper applications. MDPI 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8156653/ /pubmed/34068911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102912 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Spano, Mattia Di Matteo, Giacomo Ingallina, Cinzia Botta, Bruno Quaglio, Deborah Ghirga, Francesca Balducci, Silvia Cammarone, Silvia Campiglia, Enio Giusti, Anna Maria Vinci, Giuliana Rapa, Mattia Ciano, Salvatore Mannina, Luisa Sobolev, Anatoly P. A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title | A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title_full | A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title_fullStr | A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title_full_unstemmed | A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title_short | A Multimethodological Characterization of Cannabis sativa L. Inflorescences from Seven Dioecious Cultivars Grown in Italy: The Effect of Different Harvesting Stages |
title_sort | multimethodological characterization of cannabis sativa l. inflorescences from seven dioecious cultivars grown in italy: the effect of different harvesting stages |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156653/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34068911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102912 |
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