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Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence

Eradicating HIV-1 in infected individuals will not be possible without addressing the persistence of the virus in its multiple reservoirs. In this context, the molecular characterization of HIV-1 persistence is key for the development of rationalized therapeutic interventions. HIV-1 gene expression...

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Autores principales: Verdikt, Roxane, Hernalsteens, Olivier, Van Lint, Carine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156729/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050514
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author Verdikt, Roxane
Hernalsteens, Olivier
Van Lint, Carine
author_facet Verdikt, Roxane
Hernalsteens, Olivier
Van Lint, Carine
author_sort Verdikt, Roxane
collection PubMed
description Eradicating HIV-1 in infected individuals will not be possible without addressing the persistence of the virus in its multiple reservoirs. In this context, the molecular characterization of HIV-1 persistence is key for the development of rationalized therapeutic interventions. HIV-1 gene expression relies on the redundant and cooperative recruitment of cellular epigenetic machineries to cis-regulatory proviral regions. Furthermore, the complex repertoire of HIV-1 repression mechanisms varies depending on the nature of the viral reservoir, although, so far, few studies have addressed the specific regulatory mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in other reservoirs than the well-studied latently infected CD4(+) T cells. Here, we present an exhaustive and updated picture of the heterochromatinization of the HIV-1 promoter in its different reservoirs. We highlight the complexity, heterogeneity and dynamics of the epigenetic mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence, while discussing the importance of further understanding HIV-1 gene regulation for the rational design of novel HIV-1 cure strategies.
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spelling pubmed-81567292021-05-28 Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence Verdikt, Roxane Hernalsteens, Olivier Van Lint, Carine Vaccines (Basel) Review Eradicating HIV-1 in infected individuals will not be possible without addressing the persistence of the virus in its multiple reservoirs. In this context, the molecular characterization of HIV-1 persistence is key for the development of rationalized therapeutic interventions. HIV-1 gene expression relies on the redundant and cooperative recruitment of cellular epigenetic machineries to cis-regulatory proviral regions. Furthermore, the complex repertoire of HIV-1 repression mechanisms varies depending on the nature of the viral reservoir, although, so far, few studies have addressed the specific regulatory mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in other reservoirs than the well-studied latently infected CD4(+) T cells. Here, we present an exhaustive and updated picture of the heterochromatinization of the HIV-1 promoter in its different reservoirs. We highlight the complexity, heterogeneity and dynamics of the epigenetic mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence, while discussing the importance of further understanding HIV-1 gene regulation for the rational design of novel HIV-1 cure strategies. MDPI 2021-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8156729/ /pubmed/34067608 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050514 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Verdikt, Roxane
Hernalsteens, Olivier
Van Lint, Carine
Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title_full Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title_fullStr Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title_short Epigenetic Mechanisms of HIV-1 Persistence
title_sort epigenetic mechanisms of hiv-1 persistence
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156729/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067608
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050514
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