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Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effec...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654 |
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author | Sansavini, Alessandra Favilla, Maria Elena Guasti, Maria Teresa Marini, Andrea Millepiedi, Stefania Di Martino, Maria Valeria Vecchi, Simona Battajon, Nadia Bertolo, Laura Capirci, Olga Carretti, Barbara Colatei, Maria Paola Frioni, Cristina Marotta, Luigi Massa, Sara Michelazzo, Letizia Pecini, Chiara Piazzalunga, Silvia Pieretti, Manuela Rinaldi, Pasquale Salvadorini, Renata Termine, Cristiano Zuccarini, Mariagrazia D’Amico, Simonetta De Cagno, Anna Giulia Levorato, Maria Chiara Rossetto, Tiziana Lorusso, Maria Luisa |
author_facet | Sansavini, Alessandra Favilla, Maria Elena Guasti, Maria Teresa Marini, Andrea Millepiedi, Stefania Di Martino, Maria Valeria Vecchi, Simona Battajon, Nadia Bertolo, Laura Capirci, Olga Carretti, Barbara Colatei, Maria Paola Frioni, Cristina Marotta, Luigi Massa, Sara Michelazzo, Letizia Pecini, Chiara Piazzalunga, Silvia Pieretti, Manuela Rinaldi, Pasquale Salvadorini, Renata Termine, Cristiano Zuccarini, Mariagrazia D’Amico, Simonetta De Cagno, Anna Giulia Levorato, Maria Chiara Rossetto, Tiziana Lorusso, Maria Luisa |
author_sort | Sansavini, Alessandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8156743 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81567432021-05-28 Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review Sansavini, Alessandra Favilla, Maria Elena Guasti, Maria Teresa Marini, Andrea Millepiedi, Stefania Di Martino, Maria Valeria Vecchi, Simona Battajon, Nadia Bertolo, Laura Capirci, Olga Carretti, Barbara Colatei, Maria Paola Frioni, Cristina Marotta, Luigi Massa, Sara Michelazzo, Letizia Pecini, Chiara Piazzalunga, Silvia Pieretti, Manuela Rinaldi, Pasquale Salvadorini, Renata Termine, Cristiano Zuccarini, Mariagrazia D’Amico, Simonetta De Cagno, Anna Giulia Levorato, Maria Chiara Rossetto, Tiziana Lorusso, Maria Luisa Brain Sci Systematic Review Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions. MDPI 2021-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8156743/ /pubmed/34067874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Sansavini, Alessandra Favilla, Maria Elena Guasti, Maria Teresa Marini, Andrea Millepiedi, Stefania Di Martino, Maria Valeria Vecchi, Simona Battajon, Nadia Bertolo, Laura Capirci, Olga Carretti, Barbara Colatei, Maria Paola Frioni, Cristina Marotta, Luigi Massa, Sara Michelazzo, Letizia Pecini, Chiara Piazzalunga, Silvia Pieretti, Manuela Rinaldi, Pasquale Salvadorini, Renata Termine, Cristiano Zuccarini, Mariagrazia D’Amico, Simonetta De Cagno, Anna Giulia Levorato, Maria Chiara Rossetto, Tiziana Lorusso, Maria Luisa Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title_full | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title_fullStr | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title_short | Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review |
title_sort | developmental language disorder: early predictors, age for the diagnosis, and diagnostic tools. a scoping review |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654 |
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