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Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review

Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effec...

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Autores principales: Sansavini, Alessandra, Favilla, Maria Elena, Guasti, Maria Teresa, Marini, Andrea, Millepiedi, Stefania, Di Martino, Maria Valeria, Vecchi, Simona, Battajon, Nadia, Bertolo, Laura, Capirci, Olga, Carretti, Barbara, Colatei, Maria Paola, Frioni, Cristina, Marotta, Luigi, Massa, Sara, Michelazzo, Letizia, Pecini, Chiara, Piazzalunga, Silvia, Pieretti, Manuela, Rinaldi, Pasquale, Salvadorini, Renata, Termine, Cristiano, Zuccarini, Mariagrazia, D’Amico, Simonetta, De Cagno, Anna Giulia, Levorato, Maria Chiara, Rossetto, Tiziana, Lorusso, Maria Luisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067874
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654
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author Sansavini, Alessandra
Favilla, Maria Elena
Guasti, Maria Teresa
Marini, Andrea
Millepiedi, Stefania
Di Martino, Maria Valeria
Vecchi, Simona
Battajon, Nadia
Bertolo, Laura
Capirci, Olga
Carretti, Barbara
Colatei, Maria Paola
Frioni, Cristina
Marotta, Luigi
Massa, Sara
Michelazzo, Letizia
Pecini, Chiara
Piazzalunga, Silvia
Pieretti, Manuela
Rinaldi, Pasquale
Salvadorini, Renata
Termine, Cristiano
Zuccarini, Mariagrazia
D’Amico, Simonetta
De Cagno, Anna Giulia
Levorato, Maria Chiara
Rossetto, Tiziana
Lorusso, Maria Luisa
author_facet Sansavini, Alessandra
Favilla, Maria Elena
Guasti, Maria Teresa
Marini, Andrea
Millepiedi, Stefania
Di Martino, Maria Valeria
Vecchi, Simona
Battajon, Nadia
Bertolo, Laura
Capirci, Olga
Carretti, Barbara
Colatei, Maria Paola
Frioni, Cristina
Marotta, Luigi
Massa, Sara
Michelazzo, Letizia
Pecini, Chiara
Piazzalunga, Silvia
Pieretti, Manuela
Rinaldi, Pasquale
Salvadorini, Renata
Termine, Cristiano
Zuccarini, Mariagrazia
D’Amico, Simonetta
De Cagno, Anna Giulia
Levorato, Maria Chiara
Rossetto, Tiziana
Lorusso, Maria Luisa
author_sort Sansavini, Alessandra
collection PubMed
description Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions.
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spelling pubmed-81567432021-05-28 Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review Sansavini, Alessandra Favilla, Maria Elena Guasti, Maria Teresa Marini, Andrea Millepiedi, Stefania Di Martino, Maria Valeria Vecchi, Simona Battajon, Nadia Bertolo, Laura Capirci, Olga Carretti, Barbara Colatei, Maria Paola Frioni, Cristina Marotta, Luigi Massa, Sara Michelazzo, Letizia Pecini, Chiara Piazzalunga, Silvia Pieretti, Manuela Rinaldi, Pasquale Salvadorini, Renata Termine, Cristiano Zuccarini, Mariagrazia D’Amico, Simonetta De Cagno, Anna Giulia Levorato, Maria Chiara Rossetto, Tiziana Lorusso, Maria Luisa Brain Sci Systematic Review Background. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is frequent in childhood and may have long-term sequelae. By employing an evidence-based approach, this scoping review aims at identifying (a) early predictors of DLD; (b) the optimal age range for the use of screening and diagnostic tools; (c) effective diagnostic tools in preschool children. Methods. We considered systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and primary observational studies with control groups on predictive, sensitivity and specificity values of screening and diagnostic tools and psycholinguistic measures for the assessment of DLD in preschool children. We identified 37 studies, consisting of 10 systematic reviews and 27 primary studies. Results. Delay in gesture production, receptive and/or expressive vocabulary, syntactic comprehension, or word combination up to 30 months emerged as early predictors of DLD, a family history of DLD appeared to be a major risk factor, and low socioeconomic status and environmental input were reported as risk factors with lower predictive power. Optimal time for screening is suggested between age 2 and 3, for diagnosis around age 4. Because of the high variability of sensitivity and specificity values, joint use of standardized and psycholinguistic measures is suggested to increase diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions. Monitoring risk situations and employing caregivers’ reports, clinical assessment and multiple linguistic measures are fundamental for an early identification of DLD and timely interventions. MDPI 2021-05-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8156743/ /pubmed/34067874 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Sansavini, Alessandra
Favilla, Maria Elena
Guasti, Maria Teresa
Marini, Andrea
Millepiedi, Stefania
Di Martino, Maria Valeria
Vecchi, Simona
Battajon, Nadia
Bertolo, Laura
Capirci, Olga
Carretti, Barbara
Colatei, Maria Paola
Frioni, Cristina
Marotta, Luigi
Massa, Sara
Michelazzo, Letizia
Pecini, Chiara
Piazzalunga, Silvia
Pieretti, Manuela
Rinaldi, Pasquale
Salvadorini, Renata
Termine, Cristiano
Zuccarini, Mariagrazia
D’Amico, Simonetta
De Cagno, Anna Giulia
Levorato, Maria Chiara
Rossetto, Tiziana
Lorusso, Maria Luisa
Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title_full Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title_fullStr Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title_full_unstemmed Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title_short Developmental Language Disorder: Early Predictors, Age for the Diagnosis, and Diagnostic Tools. A Scoping Review
title_sort developmental language disorder: early predictors, age for the diagnosis, and diagnostic tools. a scoping review
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8156743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34067874
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050654
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