Cybersecurity in the European Union port sector in light of the digital transformation and the COVID-19 pandemic

The process of digital transformation, which is playing a fundamental role in the current COVID-19 worldwide panorama, has impacted all sectors of society, including the port sector. Albeit being a conservative sector, reluctant to change, it has been receptive to the opportunities offered by new information and communication systems and technologies, since they increase the efficiency of operation and, consequently, the competitive advantage of the port in the market. However, the digital era also brings new risks and threats, such as cyber-attacks. For various reasons, especially the lack of awareness about cybersecurity, such risks and threats are not being properly considered by the sector, leaving it vulnerable to attacks of this nature. In view of the importance of this sector to the EU Member States, given its status of critical infrastructure and its importance for the European economies, and the rise of cyber-attacks since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, it is vital to analyze the issue of cybersecurity in ports in view of digital transformation and understand the current situation.