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Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy
Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive—and that the important ages changed around 1950. Earlier, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial; afterward, the gap largely resulted from elevat...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8157960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010588118 |
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author | Zarulli, Virginia Kashnitsky, Ilya Vaupel, James W. |
author_facet | Zarulli, Virginia Kashnitsky, Ilya Vaupel, James W. |
author_sort | Zarulli, Virginia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive—and that the important ages changed around 1950. Earlier, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial; afterward, the gap largely resulted from elevated mortality among men 60+. Young males bear modest responsibility for the sex gap in life expectancy: Depending on the country and time, their mortality accounts for less than a quarter and often less than a 10th of the gap. Understanding the impact on life expectancy of differences between male and female risks of death by age, over time, and across populations yields insights for research on how the lives of men and women differ. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8157960 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81579602021-05-28 Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy Zarulli, Virginia Kashnitsky, Ilya Vaupel, James W. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Social Sciences Why do women live longer than men? Here, we mine rich lodes of demographic data to reveal that lower female mortality at particular ages is decisive—and that the important ages changed around 1950. Earlier, excess mortality among baby boys was crucial; afterward, the gap largely resulted from elevated mortality among men 60+. Young males bear modest responsibility for the sex gap in life expectancy: Depending on the country and time, their mortality accounts for less than a quarter and often less than a 10th of the gap. Understanding the impact on life expectancy of differences between male and female risks of death by age, over time, and across populations yields insights for research on how the lives of men and women differ. National Academy of Sciences 2021-05-18 2021-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8157960/ /pubmed/33972417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010588118 Text en Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Social Sciences Zarulli, Virginia Kashnitsky, Ilya Vaupel, James W. Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title | Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title_full | Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title_fullStr | Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title_full_unstemmed | Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title_short | Death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
title_sort | death rates at specific life stages mold the sex gap in life expectancy |
topic | Social Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8157960/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33972417 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010588118 |
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