Cargando…

Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines

How coniferous forests evolved in the Northern Hemisphere remains largely unknown. Unlike most groups of organisms that generally follow a latitudinal diversity gradient, most conifer species in the Northern Hemisphere are distributed in mountainous areas at middle latitudes. It is of great interest...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jin, Wei-Tao, Gernandt, David S., Wehenkel, Christian, Xia, Xiao-Mei, Wei, Xiao-Xin, Wang, Xiao-Quan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8157994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33941644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022302118
_version_ 1783699794684805120
author Jin, Wei-Tao
Gernandt, David S.
Wehenkel, Christian
Xia, Xiao-Mei
Wei, Xiao-Xin
Wang, Xiao-Quan
author_facet Jin, Wei-Tao
Gernandt, David S.
Wehenkel, Christian
Xia, Xiao-Mei
Wei, Xiao-Xin
Wang, Xiao-Quan
author_sort Jin, Wei-Tao
collection PubMed
description How coniferous forests evolved in the Northern Hemisphere remains largely unknown. Unlike most groups of organisms that generally follow a latitudinal diversity gradient, most conifer species in the Northern Hemisphere are distributed in mountainous areas at middle latitudes. It is of great interest to know whether the midlatitude region has been an evolutionary cradle or museum for conifers and how evolutionary and ecological factors have driven their spatiotemporal evolution. Here, we investigated the macroevolution of Pinus, the largest conifer genus and characteristic of northern temperate coniferous forests, based on nearly complete species sampling. Using 1,662 genes from transcriptome sequences, we reconstructed a robust species phylogeny and reestimated divergence times of global pines. We found that ∼90% of extant pine species originated in the Miocene in sharp contrast to the ancient origin of Pinus, indicating a Neogene rediversification. Surprisingly, species at middle latitudes are much older than those at other latitudes. This finding, coupled with net diversification rate analysis, indicates that the midlatitude region has provided an evolutionary museum for global pines. Analyses of 31 environmental variables, together with a comparison of evolutionary rates of niche and phenotypic traits with a net diversification rate, found that topography played a primary role in pine diversification, and the aridity index was decisive for the niche rate shift. Moreover, fire has forced diversification and adaptive evolution of Pinus. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenomic and ecological approaches to address evolution of biological groups at the global scale.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8157994
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher National Academy of Sciences
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-81579942021-05-28 Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines Jin, Wei-Tao Gernandt, David S. Wehenkel, Christian Xia, Xiao-Mei Wei, Xiao-Xin Wang, Xiao-Quan Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Biological Sciences How coniferous forests evolved in the Northern Hemisphere remains largely unknown. Unlike most groups of organisms that generally follow a latitudinal diversity gradient, most conifer species in the Northern Hemisphere are distributed in mountainous areas at middle latitudes. It is of great interest to know whether the midlatitude region has been an evolutionary cradle or museum for conifers and how evolutionary and ecological factors have driven their spatiotemporal evolution. Here, we investigated the macroevolution of Pinus, the largest conifer genus and characteristic of northern temperate coniferous forests, based on nearly complete species sampling. Using 1,662 genes from transcriptome sequences, we reconstructed a robust species phylogeny and reestimated divergence times of global pines. We found that ∼90% of extant pine species originated in the Miocene in sharp contrast to the ancient origin of Pinus, indicating a Neogene rediversification. Surprisingly, species at middle latitudes are much older than those at other latitudes. This finding, coupled with net diversification rate analysis, indicates that the midlatitude region has provided an evolutionary museum for global pines. Analyses of 31 environmental variables, together with a comparison of evolutionary rates of niche and phenotypic traits with a net diversification rate, found that topography played a primary role in pine diversification, and the aridity index was decisive for the niche rate shift. Moreover, fire has forced diversification and adaptive evolution of Pinus. Our study highlights the importance of integrating phylogenomic and ecological approaches to address evolution of biological groups at the global scale. National Academy of Sciences 2021-05-18 2021-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8157994/ /pubmed/33941644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022302118 Text en Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Biological Sciences
Jin, Wei-Tao
Gernandt, David S.
Wehenkel, Christian
Xia, Xiao-Mei
Wei, Xiao-Xin
Wang, Xiao-Quan
Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title_full Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title_fullStr Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title_full_unstemmed Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title_short Phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
title_sort phylogenomic and ecological analyses reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of global pines
topic Biological Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8157994/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33941644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022302118
work_keys_str_mv AT jinweitao phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines
AT gernandtdavids phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines
AT wehenkelchristian phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines
AT xiaxiaomei phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines
AT weixiaoxin phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines
AT wangxiaoquan phylogenomicandecologicalanalysesrevealthespatiotemporalevolutionofglobalpines