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Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that can be found nearly everywhere in our polluted world. BPA has been correlated with pathophysiologies that include psychological disorders, especially in children. This study used juvenile porcine models to investigate the effects of BP...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158090/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34070027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050110 |
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author | Thoene, Michael Rytel, Liliana Dzika, Ewa Wojtkiewicz, Joanna |
author_facet | Thoene, Michael Rytel, Liliana Dzika, Ewa Wojtkiewicz, Joanna |
author_sort | Thoene, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that can be found nearly everywhere in our polluted world. BPA has been correlated with pathophysiologies that include psychological disorders, especially in children. This study used juvenile porcine models to investigate the effects of BPA on the liver of developing vertebrates in order to determine the effects of BPA on innervated hepatic samples with the use of double-labeled immunofluorescence. This study specifically investigated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) colocalized with a specific neural marker (PACAP) that has previously been correlated with specific pathophysiologies in the literature. In the liver, it was observed that there were significantly increased nerve fibers in the SNS colocalized with the neural marker PACAP after exposure to BPA at concentrations considered to be “safe” with the same or more profound effects at higher exposure levels. The implications of childhood exposure to BPA are then discussed with regard to several correlation studies that have linked BPA exposure to behavioral/psychological disorders. It is possible that BPA exposure in childhood may upregulate the SNS and PACAP levels, thereby contributing to the correlations in the literature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8158090 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81580902021-05-28 Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure Thoene, Michael Rytel, Liliana Dzika, Ewa Wojtkiewicz, Joanna Toxics Communication Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that can be found nearly everywhere in our polluted world. BPA has been correlated with pathophysiologies that include psychological disorders, especially in children. This study used juvenile porcine models to investigate the effects of BPA on the liver of developing vertebrates in order to determine the effects of BPA on innervated hepatic samples with the use of double-labeled immunofluorescence. This study specifically investigated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) colocalized with a specific neural marker (PACAP) that has previously been correlated with specific pathophysiologies in the literature. In the liver, it was observed that there were significantly increased nerve fibers in the SNS colocalized with the neural marker PACAP after exposure to BPA at concentrations considered to be “safe” with the same or more profound effects at higher exposure levels. The implications of childhood exposure to BPA are then discussed with regard to several correlation studies that have linked BPA exposure to behavioral/psychological disorders. It is possible that BPA exposure in childhood may upregulate the SNS and PACAP levels, thereby contributing to the correlations in the literature. MDPI 2021-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8158090/ /pubmed/34070027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050110 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Thoene, Michael Rytel, Liliana Dzika, Ewa Wojtkiewicz, Joanna Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title | Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title_full | Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title_fullStr | Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title_short | Increased PACAP- and DβH-Positive Hepatic Nerve Fibers after Bisphenol A Exposure |
title_sort | increased pacap- and dβh-positive hepatic nerve fibers after bisphenol a exposure |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8158090/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34070027 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050110 |
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