Hydraulic Fracturing Design Considerations and Optimal Usage of Water Resources for Middle Eastern Tight Gas Reservoirs

[Image: see text] Over the past few decades, hydraulic fracturing, a well-stimulation technique commonly used for extracting hydrocarbons within unconventional reservoirs, has played a significant role in transforming the energy industry. Multiple studies and field trials have proven that an effective, efficient, and economical approach is critical for such operations. However, even after numerous fracturing jobs conducted across the globe, they are still related with high risk. Moreover, the exploitation of such reservoirs is water- and resource-intensive as compared to conventional reservoirs. This is crucial, especially in offshore operations and arid regions. A comprehensive investigation through a traditional fracture design process was conducted for a candidate Middle Eastern reservoir. Through the construction of strategically constrained cases in the presence of complex natural fracture sets, this novel investigation allowed the model to successfully isolate and characterize the key fracture design parameters that influenced fracture geometry for the candidate field and in turn the requirements with respect to water usage and resource consumption. The results indicate that for the given field conditions, fluid and proppant optimization is critical to achieving maximum recovery. The influence of natural fracture is highly critical and greatly influences the overall productivity. Simulations further indicate water requirements for the candidate field ranging from 3.5 to 5.8 million gallons of water per operation, which is significant in water-scarce regions. The findings of this study and the proposed workflow can assist to better understand the distinct contributions of key fracture design and operational parameters that are critical under the current volatile market conditions.