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Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients
Diabetes mellitus and its complication such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, etc. is a serious concern all over the world. Hence, monitoring some important blood parameters non-invasively is of utmost importance, that too with high accuracy. This paper presents an in-house developed system,...
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
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Lenguaje: | English |
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IEEE
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8159148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34055499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3079714 |
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collection | PubMed |
description | Diabetes mellitus and its complication such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, etc. is a serious concern all over the world. Hence, monitoring some important blood parameters non-invasively is of utmost importance, that too with high accuracy. This paper presents an in-house developed system, which will be helpful for diabetes patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to monitor blood urea and glucose. This manuscript discusses a comparative study for the prediction of blood urea and glucose using Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP- ANN) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model. The NVIDIA Jetson Nano board controls the five fixed LED wavelengths in the Near Infrared (NIR) region from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] with a constant emission power of 1.2 mW. The spectra for 57 laboratory prepared samples conforming with major blood constituents of the blood sample were recorded. From these samples, 53 spectra were used for training/calibration of the BP-ANN/PLSR model and the remaining 4 samples were used for validating the model. The PLSR model predicts blood urea and glucose with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.88 & 12.01 mg/dL, Coefficient of Determination R(2) = 0.93 & R(2) = 0.97, Accuracy of 94.2 % and 90.14 %, respectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, BP-ANN model is applied. Later the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was applied to these 57 spectra values. These PCA values were used to train and validate the BP-ANN model. After applying the BP-ANN model, the prediction of blood urea & glucose improved remarkably, which achieved RMSE of 0.69 mg/dL, R(2) = 0.96, Accuracy of 95.96 % for urea and RMSE of 2.06 mg/dL, R(2) = 0.99, and Accuracy of 98.65 % for glucose. The system performance is then evaluated with Bland Altman analysis and Clarke Error Grid Analysis (CEGA). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8159148 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | IEEE |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-81591482021-05-28 Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med Article Diabetes mellitus and its complication such as heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, etc. is a serious concern all over the world. Hence, monitoring some important blood parameters non-invasively is of utmost importance, that too with high accuracy. This paper presents an in-house developed system, which will be helpful for diabetes patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) to monitor blood urea and glucose. This manuscript discusses a comparative study for the prediction of blood urea and glucose using Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP- ANN) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) model. The NVIDIA Jetson Nano board controls the five fixed LED wavelengths in the Near Infrared (NIR) region from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] with a constant emission power of 1.2 mW. The spectra for 57 laboratory prepared samples conforming with major blood constituents of the blood sample were recorded. From these samples, 53 spectra were used for training/calibration of the BP-ANN/PLSR model and the remaining 4 samples were used for validating the model. The PLSR model predicts blood urea and glucose with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.88 & 12.01 mg/dL, Coefficient of Determination R(2) = 0.93 & R(2) = 0.97, Accuracy of 94.2 % and 90.14 %, respectively. To improve the prediction accuracy, BP-ANN model is applied. Later the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was applied to these 57 spectra values. These PCA values were used to train and validate the BP-ANN model. After applying the BP-ANN model, the prediction of blood urea & glucose improved remarkably, which achieved RMSE of 0.69 mg/dL, R(2) = 0.96, Accuracy of 95.96 % for urea and RMSE of 2.06 mg/dL, R(2) = 0.99, and Accuracy of 98.65 % for glucose. The system performance is then evaluated with Bland Altman analysis and Clarke Error Grid Analysis (CEGA). IEEE 2021-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8159148/ /pubmed/34055499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3079714 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title | Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title_full | Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title_fullStr | Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title_short | Backpropagation Neural Network-Based Machine Learning Model for Prediction of Blood Urea and Glucose in CKD Patients |
title_sort | backpropagation neural network-based machine learning model for prediction of blood urea and glucose in ckd patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8159148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34055499 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3079714 |
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