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Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity

It is well-known that small states, because of their size, tend to be less endowed with natural resources than big ones. This makes small states vulnerable and raises the question if specific policies can be implemented to offset the drawbacks of their small size and to increase resilience. We addre...

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Autores principales: Pereira, Edwina E., Steenge, Albert E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8159251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34075312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w
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author Pereira, Edwina E.
Steenge, Albert E.
author_facet Pereira, Edwina E.
Steenge, Albert E.
author_sort Pereira, Edwina E.
collection PubMed
description It is well-known that small states, because of their size, tend to be less endowed with natural resources than big ones. This makes small states vulnerable and raises the question if specific policies can be implemented to offset the drawbacks of their small size and to increase resilience. We address this question in this paper, thereby focusing on the role of connectivity – between states, organisations, parties, or otherwise – in understanding a country’s vulnerability and resilience. Here ‘policies’ are interpreted as ‘institutions’ in the sense of Douglass C. North (1990), i.e. as ‘humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interaction’. We focus on the Caribbean area, which is characterised by a wide variety of small states, each with its own set of rules and regulations. Within this area, we concentrate on the relationship between three Dutch Caribbean islands, i.e., Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten, on the one hand, and the Netherlands, the former colonizer, on the other hand. As a first step we have measured the economic vulnerability and resilience of 17 Caribbean island states, both dependent and independent, employing the theoretical framework proposed by Lino Briguglio. The outcomes show that the three Dutch island states are performing comparatively well, although there are individual differences. We provide a first effort to explain this outcome in terms of the continuing interest of the three island states to keep their ties to the former colonizer viable. Here the presence of ‘systemic interest’ as shown by the stakeholders appears to be a most important variable. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w.
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spelling pubmed-81592512021-05-28 Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity Pereira, Edwina E. Steenge, Albert E. Netw Spat Econ Article It is well-known that small states, because of their size, tend to be less endowed with natural resources than big ones. This makes small states vulnerable and raises the question if specific policies can be implemented to offset the drawbacks of their small size and to increase resilience. We address this question in this paper, thereby focusing on the role of connectivity – between states, organisations, parties, or otherwise – in understanding a country’s vulnerability and resilience. Here ‘policies’ are interpreted as ‘institutions’ in the sense of Douglass C. North (1990), i.e. as ‘humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and social interaction’. We focus on the Caribbean area, which is characterised by a wide variety of small states, each with its own set of rules and regulations. Within this area, we concentrate on the relationship between three Dutch Caribbean islands, i.e., Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten, on the one hand, and the Netherlands, the former colonizer, on the other hand. As a first step we have measured the economic vulnerability and resilience of 17 Caribbean island states, both dependent and independent, employing the theoretical framework proposed by Lino Briguglio. The outcomes show that the three Dutch island states are performing comparatively well, although there are individual differences. We provide a first effort to explain this outcome in terms of the continuing interest of the three island states to keep their ties to the former colonizer viable. Here the presence of ‘systemic interest’ as shown by the stakeholders appears to be a most important variable. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w. Springer US 2021-05-27 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8159251/ /pubmed/34075312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Pereira, Edwina E.
Steenge, Albert E.
Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title_full Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title_fullStr Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title_full_unstemmed Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title_short Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity
title_sort vulnerability and resilience in the caribbean island states; the role of connectivity
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8159251/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34075312
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w
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