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Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by a variable combination of gluten-dependent symptoms, presence of specific autoantibodies and enteropathy. The health burden of CD is considerable, as it reduces quality of life ...

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Autores principales: Auricchio, Renata, Troncone, Riccardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672148
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author Auricchio, Renata
Troncone, Riccardo
author_facet Auricchio, Renata
Troncone, Riccardo
author_sort Auricchio, Renata
collection PubMed
description Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by a variable combination of gluten-dependent symptoms, presence of specific autoantibodies and enteropathy. The health burden of CD is considerable, as it reduces quality of life  and, at a societal level, has extensive negative economic consequences. Prevention strategies are based on the identification of at-risk subjects and identification and elimination of risk factors. A number of prospective observational and interventional studies conducted on the general population, and more often in subjects at-risk, have given important information on the natural history of the disease. Both genetic and environmental factors have been identified with the former, in particular histocompatibility genes, playing a major role. Environmental factors, some operating already before birth, have been identified, with feeding pattern in the first year of life (breast feeding, amount and time of introduction of gluten) and infections being the most relevant. Prospective studies have also allowed the identification of biomarkers predictive of the disease which in perspective could better define the population on which to intervene. Interventions have been so far limited to modifications of feeding patterns. However, as also learnt from diseases that share with CD genetic risk factors and mechanisms of damage, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), future strategies may be envisaged based on protection from infections, manipulation of microbiota, intervention on T cells.
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spelling pubmed-81602822021-05-29 Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented? Auricchio, Renata Troncone, Riccardo Front Immunol Immunology Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals characterized by a variable combination of gluten-dependent symptoms, presence of specific autoantibodies and enteropathy. The health burden of CD is considerable, as it reduces quality of life  and, at a societal level, has extensive negative economic consequences. Prevention strategies are based on the identification of at-risk subjects and identification and elimination of risk factors. A number of prospective observational and interventional studies conducted on the general population, and more often in subjects at-risk, have given important information on the natural history of the disease. Both genetic and environmental factors have been identified with the former, in particular histocompatibility genes, playing a major role. Environmental factors, some operating already before birth, have been identified, with feeding pattern in the first year of life (breast feeding, amount and time of introduction of gluten) and infections being the most relevant. Prospective studies have also allowed the identification of biomarkers predictive of the disease which in perspective could better define the population on which to intervene. Interventions have been so far limited to modifications of feeding patterns. However, as also learnt from diseases that share with CD genetic risk factors and mechanisms of damage, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), future strategies may be envisaged based on protection from infections, manipulation of microbiota, intervention on T cells. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8160282/ /pubmed/34054850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672148 Text en Copyright © 2021 Auricchio and Troncone https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Auricchio, Renata
Troncone, Riccardo
Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title_full Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title_fullStr Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title_full_unstemmed Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title_short Can Celiac Disease Be Prevented?
title_sort can celiac disease be prevented?
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34054850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.672148
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